Sadia Sultana

Lecturer, Dept. of CSE

Asian University of Bangladesh

CSE 4841
COMPUTER COMMUNICATION AND NETWORKS
LECTURE 1
CONTENTS
 Communication Model
 Internet and ISP
 Protocol
 Network Types
 Connection Types
 Transmission Types
 Physical Topology
 Internet/Intranet/Extranet
COMPUTER NETWORK
 A computer network is
a digital telecommunications network which
allows nodes to share resources.
 In computer networks, computing
devices exchange data with each other using
connections (data links) between nodes. These
data links are established over cable media such
as wires or optic cables, or wireless media such
as Wi-Fi.
COMPUTER NETWORK
 Telecommunication - Communications at a
distance (tele is a Greek word which means
‘far’).
 Data link/Media – Communication path.
COMPONENTS OF COMMUNICATION
 Five Components of a Communication –
 Message – Message is a key idea that the sender wants to
communicate. 
 Sender – Sender is a person who sends the message. 

 Receiver – Recipient is a person for whom the message is

intended / aimed / targeted.
 Media – Medium is a means used to exchange / transmit
the message.
 Protocol – Network protocols are sets of established rules
that dictate how 
COMPONENTS OF COMMUNICATION
CLIENT-SERVER NETWORK

 A client-server network is designed for end-

users, called clients, to access resources such as
files, songs, video collections, or some other
service from a central computer called a server.
CLIENT-SERVER NETWORK

 Server - Providers of a
resource or service
 Client – Service
requesters

Figure – Client-server network

PEER-TO-PEER COMMUNICATION
 Peer-to-peer (P2P) computing or networking is
a distributed application architecture that
partitions tasks or workloads between peers.
 Peers are equally privileged, equipotent
participants in the application. They are said to
form a peer-to-peer network of nodes.
PEER-TO-PEER COMMUNICATION
 Peers make a portion of their resources, such as
processing power, disk storage or network
bandwidth, directly available to other network
participants, without the need for central
coordination by servers or stable hosts. [
PEER-TO-PEER COMMUNICATION

Fig – peer-to-peer communication

INTERNET TODAY
 It is made up of many local and wide area networks joined by
connecting devices and switching stations.
 Today most users who want internet connection use the services
of Internet Service Providers (ISP’s).
CONT.
• International or National service
provider

• Regional service provider

• local service provider

PROTOCOL
 For 2 entities to communicate successfully
They must "speak the same language"
There should be mutual acceptation for
- What is communicated
- How it is communicated
- When it is communicated
 These conventions are referred to as a protocol
- Which may be defined as a set of rules governing the exchange
of data between two entities.
 The key elements of a protocol are:
- Syntax
- Semantics
- Timing
NETWORKS
NETWORKS
 There are two types of transmission technology
that are in widespread use. They are –
1. Broadcast links
2. Point-to-point links /Unicast

Broadcast network – It
has a single Point-to-point
communication network – It consist
channel that is shared of many connections
by all the machines on between individual
the network. pairs of machines.
NETWORKS

Fig – broadcast network

Fig - Unicast network
NETWORK TYPES

 3 Major types of Network

- LAN (Local Area Network)

- WAN (Wide Area Network)
- MAN (Metropolitan Area Network)

 Beside that 3 others are

- SAN (Storage Area Network)

- CAN (Campus Area Network)
- PAN (Personal Area Network)
 LAN
 local area network (LAN)
 covering a small physical area

 For Example
- Home
- Office
- Small groups of buildings
(Schools, Colleges)
 WAN

A wide area network

(WAN)
Covers a broader area
compared to LAN
Internet
 MAN
Metropolitan area
network (MAN)
 spans a city or a large
campus.
Its geographic scope falls
between a WAN and
LAN

Cable television network

 SAN

Storage Area Network

(SAN)
 attach remote computer
storage devices to servers
 CAN

Campus Area Network(CAN)

owned by a single organization

For Universities a CAN is likely to
interconnect –

- Administrative
Buildings
- Academic Buildings
- Computer Labs
- University Libraries
- Conference centers
 PAN

Personal Area
Network(PAN)

used for one’s personal

communication
For Example, Bluetooth
THE BROAD PICTURE
TYPES OF CONNECTION
 Point to Point
- single transmitter and receiver

 Multipoint
- multiple recipients of single transmission
Types of Transmission

 Unicast
 Dedicated to one sender and
receiver
 Mulitcast
 A single message can then be
sent to the group.
 Broadcast
 packet that’s sent to all
devices on specific network
PHYSICAL TOPOLOGY
MESH TOPOLOGY
 Dedicated point to point link to every other device
STAR TOPOLOGY
 Dedicated p2p link only to a central controller
called hub
BUS TOPOLOGY
 One main cable acts as a backbone to link all the
devices
RING TOPOLOGY
 Dedicated p2p connection with only the 2 devices
on either side of it
HYBRID TOPOLOGY

a star backbone with three bus networks

INTERNET/INTRANET/EXTRANET