Computer Fundamental

‫اساسات کمپیوتر‬
Lec#01

BabaKhan Akbary
 Computer Definition

1- ‫داشت دورانو تحليل اطالعاترا طبق هداياتداده شده‬

، ‫ نگه‬،‫توانائياخذ‬ ‫کمپيوتر يکوسيله برقياست که‬
‫به سرعتهزار و حتيمليونمرتبه تيزتر از سرعتانسان انجام ميدهد‬
2-‫کردنرا دارد‬ ‫ل نگهداشتو اداره‬،‫کمپيوتر عبارتاز وسيله برقيمي باشد که قابليت انتقا‬

Computer History
1. Choot
2. Pascal , 16 Century , French ( + , - Operations ) Name(adding machine) , Made for his father calculation
3. Almani Expert , 17 Century ( added * , %) Name( Calculator)
4. After that Babich Expert try to fine automatic Machin to do all this operation automatically and its need to
program
 Overview Keyboard

Mouse
Hardware
Input D
System
Output D
Computer

Software E Book
CPU Reader

Communication D
Application
Storage D

Ram
Hard Disk
Secondary Main
memory memory
Optical Disk
Rom
 Kind of software
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Software

Application software
System software

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Productivity software Entertainment Business software Education software

software

software

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(word processing software ) Spread sheet software

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 What is an Operating System

• An operating system acts as an intermediary between the user of a

computer and the computer hardware. The purpose of an operating system
is to provide an environment in which a user can execute programs in a
convenient and efficient manner.

• An operating system is a program that manages a computer’s hardware. It

also provides a basis for application programs and acts as an intermediary
between the computer user and the computer hardware.
What Operating Systems Do
Con..

• The operating system controls the hardware and coordinates its use among
the various application programs for the various users.

• An operating system is similar to government. Like a government, it

performs no useful function by itself. It simply provides an environment
within which other programs can do useful work.
Con..

Operating systems role from two viewpoints:

User view
• Most computer users sit in front of a PC, such a system is designed for one
user In this case, the operating system is designed mostly for ease of use.
• User sits at a terminal connected to a mainframe or a minicomputer other
users are accessing the same computer through other terminals. These
users share resources and may exchange information. The operating system
in such cases is designed to maximize resource utilization to assure that all
available CPU time, memory, and I/O are used efficiently and that no
individual user takes more than her fair share.
Con..

• users sit at workstations connected to networks of other workstations and

servers , have dedicated resource but also share resources such including
file, compute, and print servers ,operating system to compromise between
individual usability and resource utilization.

System View
• The operating system is the program most involved with the hardware. An
operating system is a resource allocator. resource such as CPU time,
memory space, file-storage space, I/O devices, and so on in which OS acts
as the manager of these resources to decide how to allocate them.
Con..

• An operating system is a control program. A control program manages the

execution of user programs to prevent errors and improper use of the
computer. It is especially concerned with the operation and control of I/O
devices.
Thank You!