Vasoactive peptides

Vasoactive peptides

 Vasodilators:
 Bradykinin
 Natriuretic peptides
 Vasoactive intestinal
peptide
 Substance P
 Calcitonin gene
related peptide
 Vasoconstrictors
 Angiotensin II
 It acts on the kidney to cause renal vasoconstriction, ↑ Na+
reabsorption & inhibit renin release. Stimulate release of aldosterone
form adrenal gland causing ↑ Na+ reabsorption ↑ fluid volume ↑ BP.
 Endothilins
 Vasoconstriction and decrease glomerular filtration rate and sodium
and water excretion. They cause potent contraction of tracheal and
bronchial smooth muscle.
 Neuropeptide Y
  NPY produces a variety of CNS effects, including increased feeding,
respiratory depression, activation of the hypothalamic- pituitary-
adrenal axis & vasoconstriction of cerebral blood vessels
 CVS – Positive chronotropic and inotropic actions on the heart and
hypertension .
 Kidneys – Potent renal vasoconstrictor and suppresses renin secretion,
but can cause diuresis and natriuresis 
 Urotensin II
  When the urotensin II receptor is activated through an ICV injection of
urotensin II it causes an increase of corticotropin releasing factor which lead
to increased plasma levels of adrencorticotropic hormones.

Vasodilators
 Kinins
  Arteriolar dilation: inhibit arteriolar smooth muscles & causes the release of
PGE2 and prostacyclin
 Venous contraction: stimulation of venous smooth muscles & release PGF 2α
Inflammation.
 Natriuretic peptides (ANP, BNP)
 Both ANP and BNP bind preferentially to NPR-A, utilize cyclic guanosine
monophosphate (cGMP) as the intracellular messenger and produces effects
such as diuresis, natriuresis, vasodilation, and inhibition of aldosterone
synthesis and renin secretion as a circulating hormone, and thereby play an
important role in regulating blood pressure and blood volume.
 Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP)
 GIT – induce smooth muscle relaxation, dilating peripheral

blood vessels, decrease acid secretion, stimulate secretion of

water and electrolytes
 CVS – It causes coronary vasodilation and have positive
inotropic and chronotropic effect.
 Substance P
 Substance P is a potent vasodilator and vasodilation is
mediated by release of nitric oxide from the endothelium
Inflammation.This release is involved in neurogenic
inflammation. It causes nausea and emesis, contraction of
intestinal smooth muscles , Causes diuresis & natriuresis.
 Calcitonin Gene Related Peptide (CGRP)
 CGRP binds to and activates CGRP receptors located around

meningeal vessels, causing vasodilation & mast cell

degranulation.
Antagonists of vasoactive peptides

Vasoactive peptides Antagonists

Angiotensin Losartan , Valsartan , Olmesartan •
Telmisartan and Candesartan
Endothelins Bosentan ad Macitentan 
Urotensin Urantide
Kinins Aprotinin and Ecallantide
Vasopeptidase inhibitor Omapatrilat
Substance P Aprepitant and Netupitant
Calcitonin Gene Related Peptide (CGRP) olcegepant and Telcagepant