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Digital Circuits and Logic Design

Compliment Number system and Subtractions using

Compliments
By

B.V.V.L.KALA BHARATHI
Dept of ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
Aditya Engineering College(A)
Surampalem.
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COMPLIMENT NUMBER SYSTEM

An alternative representation of numbers in a fixed radix(base)
system.
What is compliment?
The pairs of mutually additive inverse numbers are called complements
Uses:
Commonly used in mechanical calculators.
Complements are used in digital computers in order to simplify the
subtraction operation and for logical manipulations.
Used in Number theory.
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TYPES OF COMPLIMENTS :
If R is the base of the number system then that number can have two types
of compliments.
They are
• Radix compliment or R’s compliment
• Diminished Radix compliment or (R-1)’s compliment
For example ,
Binary number system is base 2 system ,so it has two compliments :
2’s compliment and 1’s compliment.
Decimal number system is base 10 system ,so it has two compliments : 10’s
compliment and 9’s compliment.
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General formula to find R’s and (R-1)’s COMPLIMENT

R’s COMPLIMENT of any number system = (Rn)10-N

(R-1)’s COMPLIMENT of any number system = {(Rn)10-1}-N

Where R = base of that number system

n =number of digits in the number
N=The given number.

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R’s and (R-1)’s COMPLIMENT of Binary number system

Here base =2 so
(R-1)’s COMPLIMENT i.e., 1’s compliment = {(2n)10-1}-N

R’s COMPLIMENT i.e., 2’s compliment = (2n)10-N

Example: find 1’s compliment and 2’s compliment of binary number 10110012
Here N=1011001, n=7(no. of digits)
1’s compliment of 10110012= {(27)10- 1}-1011001
=12710- 10110012 =11111112- 10110012
=01001102
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Contd…
Similarly ,2’s compliment of 10110012= (27)10- 10110012
=12810- 10110012 =100000002-
10110012
=01001112
Short cut method:
For 1’s compliment of binary number: Alter 0’s and 1’s.
i.e., 1’s compliment of 10110012 =01001102
For 2’s compliment of binary number=1’s compliment of binary number+1
i.e., 2’s compliment of 10110012 =01001102 +1= 01001112

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R’s and (R-1)’s COMPLIMENT of base 3 number system

Here base =3 so
(R-1)’s COMPLIMENT i.e., 2’s compliment = {(3n)10-1}-N

 R’s COMPLIMENT i.e., 3’s compliment = (3n)10-N

Example: find 2’s compliment and 3’s compliment of base 3 number 121 3

Here N=121, n=3(no. of digits)

2’s compliment of 1213= {(33)10- 1}-1213
=2610- 1610 =1010
=1013
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Contd…
Similarly ,
3’s compliment of 1213 = (33)10-1213
=2710- 1610 =1110
=1023

Short cut method:

For 2’s compliment of base 3 number: subtract each digit of the given number
from 2
i.e., 2’s compliment of 1213 =222-121=1013
For 3’s compliment of base 3 number=2’s compliment of binary number+1
i.e., 3’s compliment of 1213 = 1013+1=1023
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R’s and (R-1)’s COMPLIMENT of Decimal number system

Here base =10 so
(R-1)’s COMPLIMENT i.e., 9’s compliment = {(10n)10-1}-N

R’s COMPLIMENT i.e., 10’s compliment = (10n)10-N

Example: find 9’s compliment and 10’s compliment of decimal number 40010

Here N=400, n=3(no. of digits)

9’s compliment of 40010= {(103)10- 1}-40010
=99910- 40010 =59910

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Contd…
Similarly ,
10’s compliment of 40010 = (103)10-40010
=1000- 40010 =60010

Short cut method:

For 9’s compliment of base 10 number: subtract each digit of the given number
from 9
i.e., 9’s compliment of 40010 =999-400=59910
For 10’s compliment of base 10 number=9’s compliment of decimal number+1
i.e., 10’s compliment of 40010 = 59910+1=60010
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Subtraction using Compliments

This can be done using
1.R’s compliment
2.(R-1)’s compliment
 Subtraction using R’s Compliment:
If M and N are two numbers of base R
then add M and R’s compliment of N
i.e., M-N= M+R’s compliment of NR
= M +(Rn-N)
Then 2 cases :
Case 1:If M>N, then the result is (M-N)+R n (Rn is end carry and this can be
discarded(neglected).
Case 2:If M<N,then the result is Rn -(N-M) which is the R’s compliment of the reult
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Case 1: when M>N

Therefore the difference is 48104 after discarding carry

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Case 2: when M<N

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Same rules applies to binary numbers……

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 Subtraction using ( R-1)’s Compliment:

If M and N are two numbers of base R
then add M and (R-1)’s compliment of N
i.e., M-N= M+(R-1)’s compliment of NR
=M+(Rn-1)-N
then 2 cases :
Case 1:If M>N, End carry is generated and it is added to the LSB of the result.
Case 2:If M<N,then no end carry is generated and R-1’s compliment of the
result is abtained and result is negative.

Digital circuits and logic

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Digital circuits and logic

8/24/20
design
 Aditya Engineering College (A)

Digital circuits and logic

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design
 Aditya Engineering College (A)

THANK YOU

Digital circuits and logic

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