ADITYA ENGINEERING COLLEGE (A)

Digital Circuits and Logic Design

NUMBER SYSTEMS
By

B.V.V.L.KALA BHARATHI
Dept of ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
Aditya Engineering College(A)
Surampalem.
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Types of Number Systems

Decimal

Hexa Number Binary

decimal
Systems

Octal

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Base and Range of Number systems

Type Base Numbers/Symbols

Decimal 10 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9

Binary 2 0, 1

Octal 8 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7

Hexadecimal 16 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F

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Decimal  Binary Conversion

• A decimal number can be converted to a binary number by
successively dividing the number by 2 as follows:
• Example: convert (87)10 to Binary number

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Binary  Decimal Conversion

A binary number is converted to a decimal number by summing together the
weights of various positions in the binary number which contain a 1.
For example, 10101112 = 8710.

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Decimal  Octal Conversion =

3
3
A decimal number can be converted to an octal number by
r successively
dividing the number by 8 as follows: e
m
266 ÷ 8 = 33 remainder 2 LSD (right-most digit) a
33 ÷ 8 = 4 remainder 1 i
4 ÷ 8 = 0 remainder 4 MSB (left-most digit). n
d
Therefore 26610 = 4128 e
r
2

L
S
D
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Octal  Decimal Conversion

To convert an octal number to a decimal number, multiply each octal value by the weight
of the digit and sum the results. For example, 4128 = 26610

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Octal  Binary Representation

Each octal digit can be represented by a 3-bit binary number as shown below:

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Octal Binary Conversion

 Conversion from octal to binary is very straightforward. Each octal digit is
replaced by 3-bit binary number. For example, 4728 = 100 111 0102.

 A binary number is converted into an octal number by taking groups of 3 bits,

starting from LSB, and replacing them with an octal digit. For example, 11 010
1102 = 3268.

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Hexadecimal Number
The hexadecimal number uses base 16. It uses the digits 0
through 9 plus the letters A, B, C, D, E and F.

The letter A stands for decimal 10,

B for 11,
C for 12,
D for 13,
E for 14
and F for 15.

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Hexadecimal Number

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Decimal  Hexadecimal Conversion

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Hexadecimal  Decimal Conversion

To convert a hex number to a decimal number, multiply each hex value by the
weight of the digit and sum the results. For example, 1A716 = 42310.

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Hexadecimal Binary Conversion

• Each hex digit can be represented by a 4-bit binary number as shown above. Conversion from
hex to binary is very straightforward. Each hex digit is replaced by 4-bit binary number.

• A binary number is converted into an octal number by taking groups of 4 bits, starting
from LSB, and replacing them with a hex digit. For example, 110101102 = 3268.

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Base Conversion for Floating Points with the Remainder Method

Decimal  Binary
Eg. Convert 23.37510 to base 2.
Technique:
1. Start by converting the integer portion:

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Floating Points Conversion using Remainder Method

Decimal  Binary
2. Then, convert the fraction by multiply it with the based we want to convert:

IF ZERO, THEN STOP

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Base Conversion for Floating Points with the Remainder Method

Binary  Decimal
Eg. 1010.012 = _________ 10
 Technique:
– Multiply each binary number by 2-n, where -n is the weight of the bit for fraction starting from left to right. .
– Then, sum the results.

1010.012
= 1 x 23 + 0 x 22 + 1 x 21 + 0 x 20 . 0 x 2-1 + 1 x 2-2
= 10 + 0.25
= 10.25 10
Therefore, 1010.012 = 10.2510

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Base Conversion for Floating Points with the Remainder Method

Octal – Decimal
Technique:
– Multiply each octal number by 8-n, where -n is the weight of the bit for fraction starting
from left to right. .
– Then, sum the results.

Eg. 46.38 = _________ 10

46.38 = 4 x 81 + 6 x 80 + 3 x 8-1
= 38 + 0.375
= 38.375 10

Therefore, 46.38 = 38.37510

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Base Conversion for Floating Points with the Remainder Method

Hexadecimal - Decimal
Technique:
– Multiply each hexadecimal number by 16-n, where -n is the weight of the bit for fraction
starting from left to right.
– Then, sum the results.

Eg. A7.0F16 = _________ 10

A7.0F16 = 10 x 161 + 7 x 160 + 0 x 16-1 + 15 x 16-2

= 167 + 0.059
= 167.059 10

Therefore, A7.0F16 = 167.05910

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Binary-Coded-Decimal (BCD)
• Conversions between decimal and binary can become long and
complicated for large numbers.

• For example, convert 87410 to binary. The answer is 11011010102, but

it takes quite a lot of time and effort to make this conversion. We call
this straight binary coding.

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Binary-Coded-Decimal (BCD)
• The Binary-Coded-Decimal (BCD) code makes conversion much
easier. Each decimal digit, 0 through 9, is represented with a 4-Bit
BCD code as shown below. The BCD code 1010, 1011, 1100, 1101,
1110 and 1111 are not used.

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Decimal  BCD Conversion

• Conversion between BCD and decimal is accomplished by replacing
a 4-bit BCD for each decimal digit. For example, 87410 = 1000 0111
0100BCD.

• BCD is not another number system like binary, octal, decimal and
hexadecimal. It is in fact the decimal system with each digit encoded
in its binary equivalent. A BCD code is not the same as a straight
binary number. For example, the BCD code requires 12 bits, while
the straight binary number requires only 10 bits to represent 87310.

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BCD  Decimal Conversion

• A BCD code is converted into a decimal number by taking groups of
4 bits, starting from LSB, and replacing them with a BCD code. For
example, 1 1001 0111 1000 BCD = 197810

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THANK YOU

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