The Papua New Guinea University of Technology

Department of Electrical & Communication Engineering

EN123 Introduction to Circuits and Electronics X/50
Assignment 2

QUESTION 1 (3 + 3 + 3 = 9 Marks)
The digital system handles the decimal number in the form of binary coded decimal numbers
(BCD). A circuit diagram of a 4-bit binary adder is given below.

Solve for the following three cases (a, b, and c) when two BCD digits are added. Show full
working out to attain full marks.
a) Case 1: Sum equals 9 or less with carry 0
Add 6 and 3 in BCD

b) Case 2: Sum greater than 9 with carry 0

Add 6 and 8 in BCD

c) Sum equals 9 or less with carry 1

Add 8 and 9 n BCD

EN123 Intro. To Circuits & Electronics S. Tirones

QUESTION 2 (6 + 10 = 16 Marks)
The analog to digital (A/D) converter is used to convert analog signal to digital signal. The
A/D convert perform three main processes known as the sampling, quatization and the
encoding.
(a) Briefly explain each of these processes

(b) The encoder converts the quantization values into a parallel digital signal
corresponding to a binary coded version of decimal number. If the quantization level
is 800, and the input range of the converter is 0 to 5 V, calculate the following:

i. the number of binary digits and the maximum quantization level

ii. the decimal numbers and the digital output of the converter corresponding to
each of the analog inputs given in the table below
Analog Input (V) Decimal Number Digital Output
1.5
2.3
3.9
4.8

QUESTION 3 (3 + 3 = 9 Marks)
A combinational circuit is given below with the following inputs and output. Determine the
Boolean expression of the output and list all possible values for x by forming a truth table.

EN123 Intro. To Circuits & Electronics S. Tirones

QUESTION 4 (3 + 4 + 2 = 9 Marks)
An expression of a digital circuit is given as ( ) ( ).
(a) Implement the expression using the basic logic gates (label all inputs and output)

(b) Fully simplify the expression using Boolean algebra (show working out to gain full
marks)

(c) Implement the simplified circuit of (c)

QUESTION 5 (2 + 2 + 3 = 7 Marks)
A logic gate is a device that acts as a building block for digital circuits. They perform basic
logical functions that are fundamental to digital circuits. Determine the following:
(a) A symbol and definition of a 3-input NOR gate

(b) The truth table

(c) Complete the output timing diagram of a NOR gate

EN123 Intro. To Circuits & Electronics S. Tirones