DESIGNING THE

QUESTIONNAIRE
AND ESTABLISHING
VALIDITY AND
RELIABILITY
DESIGNING A QUESTIONNAIRE

Step 1: Background
Kinds of Variables:
1. Dependent Variable
2. Independent or Explanatory Variable
3. Control Variable
4. Continuous Variable
5. Discrete Variable
STEP 2: QUESTIONNAIRE CONCEPTUALIZATION

• Yes/No
• Yes/No/Don’t Know
• Likert Scale
Frequency of Occurrence Frequency of Use

• Very Frequently • Always

• Frequently • Often

• Occasionaly • Sometimes

• Rarely • Rarely

• Very Rarely • Never

Degree of Importance Quality

Very Important Strongly Agree

Important Agree

Moderately Important Undecided

Of little importance Disagree

Not important Strongly Disagree

Level of Satisfaction Agreement

Very Satisfied Strongly Agree

Satisfied Agree

Undecided Undecided

Unsatisfied Disagree

Very Unsatisfied Strongly Disagree

GUIDELINES IN DEVELOPING QUESTIONS

• The question must be clear, concise and simple using minimum

number of words. Avoid lengthy and confusing lay-out
• Classify your question under each statement based on your
problem statement.
• Questions should be consistent within the needs of the study.
• Avoid sensitive or highly debatable questions.
TYPES OF QUESTIONS IN DEVELOPING
STATEMENTS
• Dichotomous questions
• Open-ended questions
• Rank-order scale questions
• Rating scale questions
STEP 3:
ESTABLISHING THE
VALIDITY OF THE
QUESTIONNAIRE
WAYS TO ASSESS THE VALIDITY OF A SET OF
MEASUREMENTS
• Face Validity
• Content Validity
• Criterion-related Validity
• Concurrent Validity
• Predictive Validity
• Construct Validity
STEP 4: ESTABLISH
THE RELIABILITY OF
THE QUESTIONNAIRE
WAYS TO ASSESS THE RELIABILITY OF THE
QUESTIONNAIRE

•Test-retest reliability
•Split half method
•Internal Consistency
STEP 5: PILOT TESTING OF
THE QUESTIONNAIRE
LEAVE SPACES WHERE TESTERS CAN FREELY
INDICATE THEIR REMARKS. SUCH REMARKS AS:
• “Delete this statement. I don’t understand the question/statement.”
• “Revise the questions/statement. Indicate the specific variables to be
measured.”
• “Retain the question statement. This is good”
• “There are missing options in the list of the statements.”
• “The questions are so long. It’s getting boring.”
STEP 6: REVISE
THE
QUESTIONNAIRE