Electrical and Allied Installations

• Appliance : An item of current using equipment other than a luminaries or an independent motor.
• Back-up Protection: Protection which is intended to operate when a system fault is not cleared or
abnormal condition not detected in the required time, because of failure or inability of other
protection to operate or failure of appropriate circuit-breaker to trip.
• Cartridge Fuse Link: A device comprising a fuse element or several fuse elements connected in
parallel enclosed in a cartridge usually filled with an arc-extinguishing medium and connected to
terminations. The fuse link is the part of a fuse which requires replacing after the fuse has operated.
• Circuit : An assembly of electrical equipment supplied from the same origin and protected against
over current by the same protective device(s).
• Circuit Breaker: A mechanical switching device, capable of making, carrying and breaking currents
under normal circuit conditions and also of making, carrying for a specified time, and breaking
currents under specified abnormal circuit conditions such as those of short circuit.
• Miniature circuit breaker (MCB) : A compact mechanical switching device capable of making,
carrying and breaking currents under normal circuit conditions and also making and carrying currents
for specified times and automatically breaking currents under specified abnormal circuit conditions,
such as those of overload and short circuits.
• Current Using Equipment : Equipment which converts electrical energy in to another form of energy,
such as light, heat, or motive power.
• Electrical Equipment: Any item for such purposes as generation, conversion, transmission,
distribution or utilization of electrical energy, such as machines, transformers, apparatus, measuring
instruments, protective devices, wiring materials, accessories, and appliances.
 Some More Definitions
• Fuse: A device which, by melting of one or more of its specially designed and
proportioned components, opens the circuit in which it is inserted by breaking the
current when this exceeds a given value for a sufficient time. The fuse comprises all the
parts that form the complete device.
• Hand-Held Equipment :Portable equipment intended to be held in the hand during
normal use, in which the motor, if any, forms an integral part of the equipment.
• Industrial Plugs and Sockets :Plugs and socket-outlets, cable couplers and appliance
couplers, primarily intended for industrial use, either indoors or outdoors.
• Socket-Outlet :A device, provided with female contacts, which is intended to be installed
with the fixed wiring, and intended to receive a plug.
• Switch : A mechanical switching device capable of making, carrying and breaking current
under normal circuit conditions, which may include specified operating overload
conditions; and also of carrying for a specified time currents under specified abnormal
circuit conditions, such as those of short circuit.
• Switchboard :An assembly of switchgear with or without instruments, but the term does
not apply to a group of local switches in a final circuit.
• Electric Shock : A dangerous patho- physiological effect resulting from the passing of an
electric current through a human body or an animal.
 Indian Standard Codes
• SP 30 : 2011 National Electrical Code, 2011
• IS/IEC 62305-4 : 2010 Protection against lightning: Part 4 Electrical and
electronic systems within structures
• IEC 60364-4-41 : 2005 Low-voltage electrical installations . Part 4-41:
Protection for safety . Protection against electric shock
• IEC 60364-4-43 : 2008 Low-voltage electrical installations . Part 4-43:
Protection for safety . Protection against over current.
• IEC 60364-4-44 : 2007 Low-voltage electrical installations . Part 4-44:
Protection for safety . Protection against voltage disturbances and
electromagnetic disturbances
• IEC 60364-5-51 : 2005 Electrical installations of buildings . Part 5-51:
Selection and erection of electrical equipment . Common rules
• IEC 60364-5-54 : 2011 Low-voltage electrical installations . Part 5-54:
Selection and erection of electrical equipment . Earthing arrangements and
protective conductors
• IEC 60364-7 series Low-voltage electrical installations . Part 7: Requirements
for special installations or locations 
 Solar Photovoltaic Systems (SPV)
 Solar energy, which is available in two forms, heat and light, is a
renewable and inexhaustible natural resource and can
supplement/augment the depleting fossil fuel resources.
 Greenhouse gases and pollutant emissions which result from fossil fuel
generation can also be offset by solar photovoltaic power generation.
 Most parts of the country receive good solar radiation of 4 to 7 kWh/m2
per day and almost 300 sunny days in a year making solar PV system one
of the most preferred renewable energy source in the country.
 Solar PV power generating system consists of components and
subsystems that are used to convert incident solar radiation directly into
electrical energy.
 The energy converter (namely, solar photovoltaic cells which convert
solar energy directly into d.c. electric power)
 PV cells are made of light-sensitive semiconductor materials that use
photons to dislodge electrons to drive an electric current.
 Most solar PV systems can be mounted on a building or installed on
ground. For buildings, they are either mounted on the roof or integrated
into the building facade (BIPV).
 Types of Solar PV
Generating System
Power Generating System
Stand Alone Solar PV System
Grid Connected Solar PV System
 Location of a Switchboard
The main switchboard shall comply with the following requirements relating to its
location:
• The location of the main board should be such that it is easily accessible to
firemen and other personnel to quickly disconnect the supply in case of
emergencies. If the room is locked for security reasons, means of emergency
access, by schemes such as break glass cupboard, shall be incorporated.
• Main switch board shall be installed in rooms or fire safe cupboards so as to
safeguard against operation by unauthorized personnel. Otherwise the main
switch board shall have lock and key facility for small installations in residences
or other occupancies having sanctioned loads less than 5 kW.
• Switchboards shall be placed only in dry situations and in ventilated rooms and
they shall not be placed in the vicinity of storage batteries or exposed to
chemical fumes.
• In damp situation or where inflammable or explosive dust, gas or vapour is
likely to be present, the switchboard shall be totally enclosed and shall have
adequate degree of ingress protection (IP). In some cases flameproof
enclosure may be necessitated by particular circumstances.
 Distribution Boards
• A distribution board comprises one or more
protective devices against over current and
ensuring the distribution of electrical energy
to the circuits.
 Socket-Outlets and Plugs
• Each 16 A socket-outlet provided in buildings
for the use of domestic appliances, such as, air
conditioner and water cooler shall be provided
with its own individual fuse, with back-up fuse
or miniature circuit-breaker provided in the
distribution/ sub-distribution board. The
socket-outlet shall not necessarily embody the
fuse as an integral part of it.
 Exhaust Fans
• For fixing of an exhaust fan, a circular hole shall be
provided in the wall to suit the size of the frame
which shall be fixed by means of rag-bolts
embedded in the wall. The hole shall be nearly
plastered with cement and brought to the original
finish of the wall. The exhaust fan shall be
connected to exhaust fan point which shall be wired
as near to the hole as possible by means of a
flexible cord, care being taken that the blades rotate
in the proper direction.
LEADING REFRIGERATOR
COMPANIES
IN INDIA
 SPECIFICATIONS SINGLE DOOR DOUBLE DOOR FRENCH DOOR
PRICE ₹11,850(AVG.) ₹25,990(MIN.) ₹1,50,000(MIN.)
CAPACITY 192L 253L 810L
POWER REQUIREMENT AC 230 V AC 230V AC 230V
NUMBER OF DOORS 1 2 4
INBUILT STABILIZER NO YES YES
WORKING OF AC

air conditioning unit uses

chemicals that convert from
gas to liquid and back again
quickly. These chemicals
transfer the heat from the
air inside your property to
the outside air. The AC unit
has three key parts. ... The
compressor squeezes this
gas/fluid, and the molecules
in the liquid are packed
closer together.
 LEADING AC BRANDS IN INDIA
• HITACHI
• MITSUBISHI
• VOLTAS
• O GENERAL
• DAIKIN
• BLUE STAR
• LG
• SAMSUNG
• WHIRLPOOL
• GODREJ
• CARRIER
1.5 Ton 3 Star Inverter Split
Rs. 34990
Air Conditioner

1.2 Ton 5 Star Inverter Split

Rs. 36293
Air Conditioner
1 Ton 3 Star Split Air Rs. 25989
Conditioner
 LEADING WASHING MACHINE
BRANDS IN INDIA
• Videocon
• Samsung
• Whirlpool
• Onida
• IFB
• Panasonic
• Haier
• Godrej
 LEADING TELEVISION BRANDS IN
INDIA
• Samsung
• Videocon
• SONY
• MI
• APPLE
• LG
• ONIDA
 SPECIFICATIONS SINGLE DOOR DOUBLE DOOR FRENCH DOOR
PRICE ₹11,850(AVG.) ₹25,990(MIN.) ₹1,50,000(MIN.)
CAPACITY 192L 253L 810L
POWER REQUIREMENT AC 230 V AC 230V AC 230V
NUMBER OF DOORS 1 2 4
INBUILT STABILIZER NO YES YES
 Geyser
• The geyser or a storage water heater in not a portable device
as it requires connection to the electricity line as well as to
the water supply lines. The electrical connection will be
from a 16 A socket outlet located at least 500 mm away from
the plumbing connections. The switch for the geyser should
not be accessible from the bath area or the shower area, to
avoid a person standing on the wet surface touching the
switch. The switch should be located away from the wet
floor area of a bath room and preferably outside near the
entrance to the bath room. This switch should have a built in
indicator to display the status.
 Kitchen Installations
• Today a large number of gadgets are in use in the
kitchen and it would be desirable to provide a
large number of combination of 6 A/16 A sockets.
• As a general guideline any part of the kitchen
counter should be within 1 m from a socket outlet
as most kitchen appliances come with a 1.5 m or 2
m flexible cord.
• The sockets should be located on the basis of the
equipment layout and the general purpose outlets
would be placed at 150 mm above the kitchen
counter level.
 Bed Room Installations
• For the convenience of operating the lights,
fan, etc, from the bed, it is quite a common
practice to provide a pendant switch wired
with a flexible cord.
• A bed-head control set for all outlets to be
controlled, mounted either on the wall
accessible from the bed or mounted on the
head board of the bed would be a preferable
and safer alternative.
Companies that make switch gears
 Fan Regulator
Fan regulators have an important place in the electrical switch boards. Fan
regulators are very similar to light dimmers. Their function is to
regulate/control the speed of the fan and provide a convenient
environment for the residents.
 Fan Regulator

• Conventional regulators • Electronic regulator

A fan regulator is a crucial component that A voltage regulator is a system designed
serves to increase or decrease the speed of to automatically maintain a
your fan according to your needs. constant voltage level.
Working of Fan Regulator