WARM AND HUMID

LOCATION:
Subtropical Humid Region of India
Most of NE India, North India and parts of the
coast.

CHARACTERICTICS:
Hot summers - 24 °C (75 °F) in north-central India
to 27 °C (81 °F) in the east, in the coast summer is
exceedingly hot - may exceed 50 °C (122 °F)

Cold winters - min 0°C (32 °F )

Precipitation - June to September; annual rainfall

averages between 750–1,500 mm (30–59 in), can
go up to 2500 mm in the northeast.

ISSUES:
Regulate the humidity
The utmost concerns when designing in a warm and humid climate is
CROSS VENTILATION in order to REGULATE HUMIDUTY.

BUILDING IS ORIENTED AND

DESIGNED SO AS TO FACILITATE
MAX. CROSS VENTILATION. HEAT AND MOISTURE PRODUCING AREAS WINDOWS AT A HIGH LEVEL TO
LIKE KITCHENS AND BATH MUST BE VENT HOT AIR
INTERIOR DESIGN AND VENTILATED AND SEPERATED FROM THE
FENESTRATIONS SHOULD REST OF THE STRUCTURES
FACILITATE UNOBSTRUCTED AIR
FLOW.

DISTRIBUTE AIR THROUGHOUT

THE SPACES.
HIGH PITCHED ROOFS WITH
LOUVERS FOR VENTILATION

Source: Handbook on Energy Conscious Buildings

VENTILATION:
Catch the breeze: Locate on a hill or raise above the
ground.

Don't block the breeze: Spaces buildings out, and add

breezeways in them.

Make rooms breezy: Each room needs 2 exterior walls,

with many windows or vents, including low openings.
Verandahs with outside stairs obstruct breezes much
less than interior halls.

Make outdoor areas breezy: Keep them open to warmer

season breezes, and if possible protected from storm
and cool season winds.

Pull breezes in with wing-walls, and shutters or

casement windows that open outward.
KACHANJUNGA
APARTMENTS, MUMBAI
Location: Mumbai

Orientation: east-west to
catch prevailing sea breezes .
Unfortunately, these are also
the directions of the hot sun
and the heavy monsoon
rains. The old bungalows
solved these problems by
wrapping a protective layer
of verandas around the main
living areas.
ASSAM STYLE HOUSE

BRITISH COLONIAL ARCHITECTURE

Before the British the building constructed by kings was
very uneconomical and the construction system was very
difficult.

The house of the common people was of thatch roof with

bamboo walls plastered with a mixture of mud and cow
dung.

The British studied the local environment and local building

materials and accordingly designed comfortable and
beautiful buildings.

They started a special type of construction, which finally

become the typical building type and called” Assam type
house”.
 
BUILDING TYPE AND CONSTRUCTION PROCESS

•The building is of two storied house.

•Building is symmetrical on both side.

•1st floor is connected with a timber stair case.

•Open spaces in front (chotal) and back side (bari) of the

house.

•Walls are of timber frame work, inside those panels

ikara used to fill.

•These ikaras are cut in size of the panel and laid

vertically.

•The horizontal members usually bamboo.

•After putting the ikara it is left to dry for few days.

•Then it is plastered in both side with mud mortar.

•3 layers of plaster are done alternatively after dying of

each coat.

•Finished coat is of liquid mix of mud and cow dung.

 SPECIAL FEATURES

•To provide better ventilation, front façade is

very important.
•Contains large no, of openings.
•Better ventilation in front rooms.
•Sill level of the window is about 60 cm only
•Roof is of sloping from to provide shed
during rain.
•High plinth level, reduces dust and smoke of
roads to enter inside the house.
•To provide better air circulation for light
inside.