Environmental Impacts: ET 208 - Environment, Energy and Technology Engr. Angelo Ramos, ME

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
Engr. Angelo Ramos, ME

ET 208 - Environment, Energy and Technology
Bicol State College of Applied Sciences and Technology
Environmental Impacts
Fossil fuel impacts and patterns of consumption
Renewable electricity and key elements
Global climate change
CO2 and renewable energy
Standalone systems and grid integration
Social considerations
References End
Fossil fuel impacts and patterns of consumption
Renewable electricity and key elements
Global climate change
CO2 and renewable energy
Standalone systems and grid integration
Social considerations
References End
Fossil Fuel
A hydrocarbon deposit, such as coal, petroleum, or
natural gas, derived from the accumulated remains of
ancient plants and animals and used as a fuel.
Types of Fossil Fuel

Coal
Oil
Natural gas
Source: http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/fossil+fuel
Coal
it is formed when trees, plants

are buried deep under the
earth and start getting slowly
decomposed over a period of
time. Coal is extracted by
Consumption:
Coal is used in a lot of
mining. It can be mined using
manufacturing surface mining or underground
industries, in homes, mining after which it treated to
steam trains, etc.
remove impurities and make it
efficient.
Source: http://www.buzzle.com/articles/examples-of-fossil-fuels.html
Oil
Like coal, when organic material

is compressed and heated over
a period of time or simply
decomposed plants or animals,
oil reserves are formed. Upon
Consumption:
 Petrol - Usually in cars, extraction it is treated to get
airplanes, helicopters various forms of fuel we know,
and other modes of
transport. like petrol, diesel, kerosene,
 Diesel - Mostly in
trucks, cars, diesel processed oil.
trains, ships, electricity
generators, etc.
 Kerosene - Lamps,
outdoor barbecues, etc.
NaturalGas
Like oil, natural gas is also

formed when organic materials
are compressed and heated
over a long period of time. It is
formed from hydrocarbon
Consumption:
It is used for cooking,
reactions.
in automobiles as
CNG (Compressed
Natural Gas).
Effects
Environmental pollution is one of the major
disadvantage of fossil fuels. It is a known fact
that carbon dioxide, gas released when fossil
fuels are burnt, is one of the primary gas
responsible for global warming.
Rise in temperature of earth has resulted in
melting of polar ice caps, flooding of low lying
areas and rise in sea levels. If such conditions
continue, our planet Earth might face some
serious consequences in near future.
Source: http://www.conserve-energy-future.com/Disadvantages_FossilFuels.php
Effects
In coastal areas, sea level may rise due to the
warming of the oceans and the melting of
glaciers.
In land agricultural zones could suffer an
increase in the frequency of droughts, resulting
in food shortages.
Altered weather patterns may result in more
extreme weather events.
Environmental Hazards: Environmental pollution is one
of the major disadvantage of fossil fuels. It is a known
fact that carbon dioxide, gas released when fossil fuels
are burnt, is one of the primary gas responsible for
global warming.
Acid Rain: Sulphur dioxide is one of the pollutant that
is released when fossil fuels are burnt and is a main
cause of acid rain. Acid rain can lead to destruction of
monuments made up of brickwork or marbles. Even
crops can affected due to acidification of loams.
Effect on Human Health: Pollution from vehicles and
coal powered power plants can cause serious
environmental hazards. Pollution related diseases
range from mild to severe and can significantly affect
one’s quality of life. Air pollution can result in asthma,
chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder or COPD and
lung cancer.
Non-Renewable: As of today, fossil fuels are being
extracted at an exorbitant rate to meet the gap
between demand and supply and it is estimated that
they will be finished in next 30-40 years. Since they are
non-renewable, it is more likely that fuel expenses will
face a steep hike in near future.
Impact on Aquatic Life by Oil Spill: Some leaks in oil
tankers or ship getting drowned deep under the sea
carrying crude oil. The impact of this is that crude oil
contains some toxic substances which when mixed up
with water poses serious impact on aquatic life. which
can pose hazard to the aquatic life by lessening the
oxygen content of water.
Coal Mining: Extraction of coal from areas that have
huge reserves is not only a difficult and dangerous task
but also poses a serious health hazard to the lives of
several workers who work there. The coal mining
destroys wide areas of land and results in ecological
imbalance.
Fossil Fuel and its effects
Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FqmtLmmuQhw
Renewable Electricity
Renewable electricity is
the electricity came from
a renewable source
generally defined as
energy from resources
which are naturally
replenished on a human
timescale such as
sunlight, wind, rain,
waves, and geothermal
heat.
Key elements of renewable energy
Sustainable energy from the Greek elements
Earth – here we look at the biomass resources.

Air – here we look at wind power.
Fire – here we focus on the direct power of the
Sun.
Water – here we look at hydropower.
Source: https://www.futurelearn.com/courses/elements-renewable-energies
Environmental Impacts of Wind Power
Land use
Wildlife and Habitat
Public Health and
Community
Life-Cycle Global
Warming Emissions
Water Use
Source: http://www.ucsusa.org/clean_energy/our-energy-choices/renewable-energy/environmental-impacts-of.html
Environmental Impacts of Wind Power
Land use
Public Health and
Community
Life-Cycle Global
Warming Emissions
Water Use
Land Use
The land use impact of wind power facilities varies depending on the
site: wind turbines placed in flat areas typically use more land than
those located in hilly areas.
However, wind turbines are spaced approximately 5 to 10 rotor
diameters apart. Thus, the turbines themselves and the surrounding
infrastructure (including roads and transmission lines) occupy a large
amount of the total area of a wind facility.
Offshore wind facilities, which are currently not in operation, require
larger amounts of space because the turbines and blades are bigger
than their land-based counterparts.
Depending on their location, such offshore installations may compete
with a variety of other ocean activities, such as fishing, recreational
activities, sand and gravel extraction, oil and gas extraction,
navigation, and aquaculture.
The bird and bat deaths from collisions with wind turbines due to
changes in air pressure caused by the spinning turbines.
The National Wind Coordinating Committee (NWCC) concluded that
these impacts are relatively low and do not pose a threat to species
populations.
By keeping wind turbines motionless during times of low wind speeds
could reduce bat deaths by more than half without significantly
affecting power production.
Offshore wind turbines can have similar impacts on marine birds, but
as with onshore wind turbines, the bird deaths associated with
offshore wind are minimal.
Public Health and Community
Sound and visual impact are the two main public
health and community concerns associated with
operating wind turbines.
Some people living close to wind facilities have
complained about sound and vibration issues, but
these issues do not adversely impact public health.
Under certain lighting conditions, wind turbines can
create an effect known as shadow flicker.
Life-Cycle Global Warming
Emissions
A global warming emission associated with life-cycle of wind
turbine includes materials production, materials transportation,
on-site construction and assembly, operation and maintenance,
and decommissioning and dismantlement.
Estimates of total global warming emissions depend on a
number of factors, including wind speed, percent of time the
wind is blowing, and the material composition of the wind
turbine.
Most estimates of wind turbine life-cycle global warming
emissions are between 0.02 and 0.04 pounds of carbon dioxide
equivalent per kilowatt-hour.
Water Use
There is no water impact associated with the operation of wind

turbines. As in all manufacturing processes, some water is used
to manufacture steel and cement for wind turbines.
Environmental Impacts of Solar Power
Land use
Water Use
Hazardous Materials
Life-Cycle Global
Warming Emissions
Environmental Impacts of Solar Power
Land Use
Water Use
Hazardous Materials
Life-Cycle Global
Warming Emissions
Land Use
Depending on their location, larger utility-scale solar facilities
can raise concerns about land degradation and habitat loss.
A total land area requirement varies depending on the
technology, the topography of the site, and the intensity of the
solar resource.
Estimates for utility-scale PV systems range from 3.5 to 10 acres
per megawatt, while estimates for CSP facilities are between 4
and 16.5 acres per megawatt.
Unlike wind facilities, there is less opportunity for solar projects
to share land with agricultural uses.
Water Use
Concentrating solar thermal plants (CSP), like all thermal electric
plants, require water for cooling.
Water use depends on the plant design, plant location, and the
type of cooling system
CSP plants that use wet-recirculating technology with cooling
towers withdraw between 600 and 650 gallons of water per
megawatt-hour of electricity produced.
Dry-cooling technology can reduce water use at CSP plants by
approximately 90 percent.
Hazardous Materials
The PV cell manufacturing process includes a number of
hazardous materials, most of which are used to clean and purify
the semiconductor surface.
These chemicals include hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric
acid, hydrogen fluoride, and acetone.
Workers also face risks associated with inhaling silicon dust.
Hence, these chemicals and other manufacturing waste
products are disposed properly.
If not handled and disposed of properly, these materials could
pose serious environmental or public health threats.
Emissions
A global warming emissions associated with life-cycle of the
solar energy includes manufacturing, materials transportation,
installation, maintenance, and decommissioning and
dismantlement.
Most estimates of life-cycle emissions for photovoltaic systems
are between 0.07 and 0.18 pounds of carbon dioxide equivalent
per kilowatt-hour.
Environmental Impacts of Geothermal
Energy
Water Quality and
Use
Air Emissions
Land Use
Life-Cycle Global
Warming Emissions
Environmental Impacts of Geothermal
Energy
Water Quality and
Use
Air Emissions
Land Use
Life-Cycle Global
Warming Emissions
Water Quality and Use
Hot water pumped from underground reservoirs often contains high
levels of sulfur, salt, and other minerals.
Most geothermal facilities have closed-loop water systems, in which
extracted water is pumped directly, back into the geothermal reservoir
after it has been used for heat or electricity production. In such
systems, the water is contained within steel well casings cemented to
the surrounding rock.
Depending on the cooling technology used, geothermal plants can
require between 1,700 and 4,000 gallons of water per megawatt-hour.
However, most geothermal plants can use either geothermal fluid or
freshwater for cooling; the use of geothermal fluids rather than
freshwater clearly reduces the plants overall water impact.
Air Emissions
In closed-loop systems, gases removed from the well are not exposed
to the atmosphere and are injected back into the ground after giving
up their heat, so air emissions are minimal.
In contrast, open-loop systems emit hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide,
ammonia, methane, and boron. Hydrogen sulfide, which has a
distinctive “rotten egg” smell, is the most common emission.
Once in the atmosphere, hydrogen sulfide changes into sulfur dioxide
(SO2). This contributes to the formation of small acidic particulates
that can be absorbed by the bloodstream and cause heart and lung
disease.
Sulfur dioxide also causes acid rain, which damages crops, forests, and
soils, and acidifies lakes and streams.
Some geothermal plants also produce small amounts of mercury
emissions, which must be mitigated using mercury filter technology.
Land Use
The amount of land required by a geothermal plant varies depending
on the properties of the resource reservoir, the amount of power
capacity, the type of energy conversion system, the type of cooling
system, the arrangement of wells and piping systems, and the
substation and auxiliary building needs.
Hydrothermal plants are sited on geological “hot spots," which tend to
have higher levels of earthquake risk. There is evidence that
hydrothermal plants can lead to an even greater earthquake
frequency.
Emissions
In open-loop geothermal systems, approximately 10 percent of the air
emissions are carbon dioxide and a smaller amount of emissions are
methane, a more potent global warming gas.
Estimates of global warming emissions for open-loop systems are
approximately 0.1 pounds of carbon dioxide equivalent per kilowatt-
hour.
In closed-loop systems, these gases are not released into the
atmosphere, but there are a still some emissions associated with plant
construction and surrounding infrastructure.
Enhanced geothermal systems, which require energy to drill and pump
water into hot rock reservoirs, have life-cycle global warming emission
of approximately 0.2 pounds of carbon dioxide equivalent per
kilowatt-hour.
Environmental Impacts of Biomass for
Electricity
Water Use
Air Emissions
Land Use
Life-Cycle Global
Warming Emissions
Environmental Impacts of Biomass for
Electricity
Water Use
Air Emissions
Land Use
Life-Cycle Global
Warming Emissions
Water Use
For biomass plants with once-through cooling systems which take
water from nearby sources, circulate it through the plants cooling
system, and then discharge it water withdrawals range between
20,000 and 50,000 gallons per megawatt-hour with consumption of
300 gallons per megawatt-hour.
Withdrawn cooling water is returned to its source, it is much warmer
than when it was withdrawn, which often has a negative impact on
plant and animal life.
Air Emissions
Burning biomass to produce electricity can impact air quality.
The level of air emissions associated with biomass power plants varies
depending on the feedstock, combustion technology, and types of
installed pollution controls, but the most common pollutants include
nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur dioxide (SO2), carbon monoxide, and
particulate matter.
Biomass facilities emit less SO2 and mercury (a neurotoxin) than coal.
NOx emissions causes ground-level ozone, or smog, which can burn
lung tissue and can make people more susceptible to asthma,
bronchitis, and other chronic respiratory diseases.
Like SO2, NOx also contributes to acid rain and the formations of
harmful particulate matter.
Land Use
Using agriculture and forest waste streams for biomass power could
lead to land or habitat degradation.
Harvesting of forest waste products can be done sustainably, but
proper forest management practices need to be followed to ensure
that wildlife habitat is not destroyed and the forest remains healthy.
Energy crops present many of the same environmental challenges as
food crops, and therefore the same principles of sustainable
agriculture apply: crop rotation, integrated pest management, and
proper soil husbandry to prevent soil erosion.
Many energy crops use less fertilizer and pesticides than typical food
crops, and perennial grasses do not require annual tilling and planting.
Emissions
There are global warming emissions associated with growing and
harvesting biomass feedstock, transporting feedstock to the power
plant, and burning or gasifying the feedstock.
Growing biomass absorbed an equal amount of carbon as the amount
released through combustion.
When organic waste is disposed of in a landfill, it decomposes and
releases methane, a potent global warming gas.
An estimation of lifecycle global warming emissions of biomass energy
is wide. Excluding global warming emissions from land use changes,
most estimates are between 0.04 and 0.2 pounds of CO2 equivalent
per kilowatt-hour.
Environmental Impacts of Hydroelectric
Power
Land Use
Wildlife Impacts
Life-cycle Global
Warming Emissions
Environmental Impacts of Hydroelectric
Power
Land Use
Wildlife Impacts
Life-cycle Global
Warming Emissions
Land Use
Hydroelectric plants in flat areas tend to require much more
land than those in hilly areas or canyons where deeper
reservoirs can hold more volume of water in a smaller space.
Flooding land for a hydroelectric reservoir has an extreme
environmental impact: it destroys forest, wildlife habitat,
agricultural land, and scenic lands.
Wild Life Impacts
Reservoir water is usually more stagnant than normal river
water. As a result, the reservoir will have higher than normal
amounts of sediments and nutrients, which can cultivate an
excess of algae and other aquatic weeds. These weeds can
crowd out other river animal and plant-life, and they must be
controlled through manual harvesting or by introducing fish that
eat these plants.
In addition, water is lost through evaporation in dammed
reservoirs at a much higher rate than in flowing rivers.
Reservoir water is typically low in dissolved oxygen and colder
than normal river water. When this water is released, it could
have negative impacts on downstream plants and animals.
Emissions
Global warming emissions are produced during the installation
and dismantling of hydroelectric power plants.
Global Climate Change
Climate change
 Change in the statistical distribution of
weather patterns when that change lasts for
an extended period of time.
 May refer to a change in average weather
conditions, or in the time variation of
weather around longer-term average
conditions.
 Caused by factors such as variations in solar
radiation received by Earth, plate tectonics,
and volcanic eruptions.
 Certain human activities have also been
identified as significant causes of recent
climate change, often referred to as "global
warming".
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change
Climate Change and Effects in the
Philippines
The Philippines, home to almost 90 million people, is one of the most vulnerable
countries to climate change. Devastating effect could be the following:
 Increase in the number of tropical cyclones and storms.
 Weather patterns could become unpredictable, as would extreme weather
events, hurricanes could become much stronger and more frequent.
As the world atmosphere warms under a greenhouse effect, scientists predict,

the seas will rise - threatening to change the contours of coastlines. Fifteen of
the 16 regions of the Philippines are vulnerable to sea level rise.
A study conducted by the Philippine Country Study to Address Climate Change

found that the Manila Bay is already subjected to several hazards, including
flooding and storms. “Shoreline changes due to reclamation for housing, ports,
coastal roads, buildings and other urbanized development are high, adding to an
increased threat of inundation
Source: http://www.gaiadiscovery.com/climate-change_adaptation/climate-change-and-effects-on-the-philippines.html
Climate Change and Effects in the
Philippines
Provinces vulnerable to sea level rise are Sulu, Palawan, Zamboanga del Sur,
Northern Samar, Zamboanga Sibugay, Basilan, Cebu, Davao del Norte, Bohol,
Camarines Sur, Quezon, Tawi-Tawi, Masbate, Negros Occidental, Camarines
Norte, Capiz, Catanduanes, Samar, Zamboanga del Norte, and Maguindanao.
Sea level rise would also endanger the drinking water quality and agricultural
productivity, according to PAGASA This is due to possible salt intrusion in coastal
soils and fresh water aquifers.
Increased temperature is one stressor that can cause coral reefs to bleach, which
in turn diminish their growth and threaten critical habitat for fish and other
marine resources. The Philippines is one of the Asian countries documented to
experience coral bleaching.
Rising temperatures will also spur changes in rainfall patterns. “Weather patterns
here in the Philippines may change with projections of higher rainfall and drier
summers. In the rainy season, there will be more frequent floods and in dry
season, there will be less water available for irrigation. Overall, it threatens food
security of our country.”
Source: http://www.gaiadiscovery.com/climate-change_adaptation/climate-change-and-effects-on-the-philippines.html
Climate change vs. Global Warming
Global warming - the increase in Earth’s
average surface temperature due to rising levels
of greenhouse gases.
Climate change - a long-term change in the
Earth’s climate, or of a region on Earth.
GLOBAL WARMING is an unprecedented type of

CLIMATE CHANGE.
Source: http://pmm.nasa.gov/education/articles/whats-name-global-warming-vs-climate-change
and Broecker, W. S. (1975). Climatic Change: Are We on the Brink of a Pronounced Global Warming?
Environmental Impact of Climate Change
Source: Global Warming: A Way Forward: Facing Climate Change - NationalGeographic.com - 24hToday.com
CO2 and Renewable Energy
A new kind of geothermal power plant that will lock away

unwanted carbon dioxide (CO2) underground – and use it as a
tool to boost electric power generation by at least 10 times
compared to existing geothermal energy approaches. This
technology aims to expand the use of geothermal energy.
http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/articles/2014/01/can-we-turn-unwanted-carbon-dioxide-into-electricity.html
A deeper understanding of CO2 as
renewable energy.
Source: http://energypathways.org/
Standalone system
Stand-alone power system (SAPS or
SPS)
 an off-the-grid electricity system for
locations that are not fitted with an
electricity distribution system.
 also known as remote area power supply
(RAPS)
Electricity is typically generated by one
or more of the following methods:
 Photovoltaic system using solar panels
 Wind turbine
 Geothermal source
 Micro combined heat and power
 Micro hydro
 Diesel or biofuel generator
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stand-alone_power_system
Disadvantages of Stand alone power system
Solar
 Solar electricity might not be economically beneficial for everyone
 Variability of solar radiation
 Site must not be shaded
 A solar panel system produces energy in daytime only
Wind
 Noise Disturbances
 Threat to Wildlife
 Wind Can Never Be Predicted
 Suited To Particular Region
 Visual Impact
Source: http://www.conserve-energy-future.com/Disadvantages_WindEnergy.php
http://solarpanelsvenue.com/disadvantages-of-solar-power/
Disadvantages of Stand alone power system
MiniHydro
 Natural beauty of the environment is being destroyed.
 Changing the path of a river can cause serious disputes
between neighbors.
 Natural habitat of wildlife were being destroyed by the
construction.
Gensets
 Sound
 Produces higher smoke
 Installation process is time consuming
 Heavy and large body parts
 Expensive
Source: http://www.solar-energy-for-home.com/micro-hydro-power.html
http://www.slideshare.net/johnvicke/diesel-generators-advantage-disadvantage
Grid Integration
An electrical grid is an interconnected network
for delivering electricity from suppliers to
consumers. It consists of generating stations
that produce electrical power, high-voltage
transmission lines that carry power from distant
sources to demand centers, and distribution
lines that connect individual customers
Power stations may be located near a fuel
source, at a dam site, or to take advantage of
renewable energy sources, and are often
located away from heavily populated areas.
The electric power which is generated is stepped
up to a higher voltage at which it connects to
the bulk power transmission network. On arrival
at a substation, the power will be stepped down
from a transmission level voltage to a
distribution level voltage.
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_grid
Disadvantages of Electrical Grid
Some power is wasted heating
the cables.
Overhead power cables and
their supporting towers are an
eyesore in some places. If
underground cables have to be
used, they are much more
expensive.
Source: http://www.answers.com/Q/What_are_the_advantages_and_disadvantages_of_the_National_Grid
Social Considerations
During the construction and operation of
a power generating facilities, it should
aim for the fair distribution of its benefits
and must not burden or exclude some
stakeholders for the sake of others. To
this end, the project proponents must
respect the rights of all people
concerned, and pay special attention to
vulnerable social groups such as women,
the elderly, the poor, people with
disabilities, indigenous peoples, ethnic
minorities, and other minority groups to
ensure that they are involved in decision-
making processes and that they benefit
from the project.
Source: http://www.jica.go.jp/english/our_work/social_environmental/guideline/c8h0vm0000013gbd-att/esc_rev.pdf
Social Considerations
Impacts on Society
 Involuntary resettlement, migration,
and urbanization
 Unfair distribution of benefits, local
conflicts of interest, and impacts on
local economy
 Impacts on vulnerable populations such
as indigenous peoples and the poor,
gender equality, and children’s rights
 Impacts on community health and
safety (including accidents)
 Impacts on, or caused by, the labour
environment (including occupational
health and safety)
 Impacts on social structures, social
infrastructures, and social services
 Impacts on cultural heritage
Source: http://www.jica.go.jp/english/our_work/social_environmental/guideline/c8h0vm0000013gbd-att/esc_rev.pdf
Example of Socio-Environmental Impacts
Impacts on Social Environment

Project Type
Resettlement Other Impacts
High-Voltage Transmission Construction of Landscape for tourism may

Lines (500kV) transmission towers may be impacted, and radio
require involuntary transmission could be
resettlements if sited in a interfered.
populated area, but their
impacts would be limited.
Source: http://www.jica.go.jp/english/our_work/social_environmental/archive/pro_asia/pdf/ind07_05.pdf

Project Type Resettlement Other Impacts
Run-of-River Type Installation of penstocks  Cultural

Hydroelectric Power and powerhouse may heritages/landscape for
Generation require involuntary tourism may be
resettlements, but their impacted.
impacts would be fairly  Water uses (ex.
limited. irrigation, domestic
water supply) / fishery
may be impacted in the
river section with
reduced water flow.
Hydroelectric Power Creation of a reservoir may  Cultural heritages may go

Generation with Reservoir require large-scale under water and the
(including Power involuntary resettlements. landscape for tourism may
be impacted.
Generation with Pumped
 Degradation of water
Water) quality in the reservoir
would have impacts on
water uses (ex. irrigation,
domestic water supply) and
fishery in the downstream.
 Dam may prevent the river
traffic by boats.
 Creation of a reservoir, on
the other hand, may
provide new opportunities
for fishery.

Geothermal Power Involuntary resettlements  Cultural

Generation may be required to acquire heritages/landscape for
lands for powerhouse & tourism may be
steam wells and also due to impacted.
H2S emissions to the  H2S emissions may
atmosphere. produce odor to local
people and facilitate
corrosion of metals.
Coal-Fired Thermal Power Involuntary resettlements  Cultural

Generation may be required to obtain a heritages/landscape for
land for a power plant. tourism may be
impacted.
 Intake of substantial
amounts of cooling water
may have impacts on
fishery (ex. entrainment
of eggs & larvae, screen
impingements).
 Substantial amounts of
thermal effluents may
have impacts on the
reproduction of
commercial fish.
Oil-Fired Thermal Power Involuntary resettlements  Cultural

Generation may be required to obtain a heritages/landscape for
land for a power plant. tourism may be
impacted.
may have impacts on
impingements).
have impacts on the
reproduction of
commercial fish.
Natural Gas-Fired Thermal Involuntary resettlements  Cultural

Power Generation may be required to obtain a heritages/landscape for
(including Combined- Cycle land for a power plant. tourism may be
Power Generation) impacted.
may have impacts on
impingements).
have impacts on the
reproduction of
commercial fish.

Gas Turbine/Diesel Power Land acquisition for a Impacts on landscape are

Generation power plant usually does limited.
not require involuntary
resettlements
References
• http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/fossil+fuel
• http://www.buzzle.com/articles/examples-of-fossil-fuels.html
• http://www.conserve-energy-future.com/Disadvantages_FossilFuels.php
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FqmtLmmuQhw
• http://www.conserve-energy-future.com/Disadvantages_FossilFuels.php
• https://www.futurelearn.com/courses/elements-renewable-energies
• http://www.ucsusa.org/clean_energy/our-energy-choices/renewable-
energy/environmental-impacts-of.html
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change
• http://www.gaiadiscovery.com/climate-change_adaptation/climate-change-and-
effects-on-the-philippines.html
• http://pmm.nasa.gov/education/articles/whats-name-global-warming-vs-climate-
change
• Broecker, W. S. (1975). Climatic Change: Are We on the Brink of a Pronounced
Global Warming?
• Global Warming: A Way Forward: Facing Climate Change -
NationalGeographic.com - 24hToday.com
References
• www.renewableenergyworld.com/articles/2014/01/can-we-turn-unwanted-
carbon-dioxide-into-electricity.html
• http://energypathways.org
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stand-alone_power_system
• http://www.conserve-energy-future.com/Disadvantages_WindEnergy.php
• http://solarpanelsvenue.com/disadvantages-of-solar-power
• http://www.solar-energy-for-home.com/micro-hydro-power.htm
• http://www.slideshare.net/johnvicke/diesel-generators-advantage-disadvantage
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_grid
• http://www.answers.com/Q/What_are_the_advantages_and_disadvantages_of_
the_National_Grid
• http://www.jica.go.jp/english/our_work/social_environmental/guideline/c8h0vm
0000013gbd-att/esc_rev.pdf
• http://www.jica.go.jp/english/our_work/social_environmental/archive/pro_asia/
pdf/ind07_05.pdf
thank you!!!

Environmental Impacts: ET 208 - Environment, Energy and Technology Engr. Angelo Ramos, ME

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Environmental Impacts: ET 208 - Environment, Energy and Technology Engr. Angelo Ramos, ME

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ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS

Engr. Angelo Ramos, ME

Types of Fossil Fuel

it is formed when trees, plants

Like coal, when organic material

Like oil, natural gas is also

Earth – here we look at the biomass resources.

There is no water impact associated with the operation of wind

As the world atmosphere warms under a greenhouse effect, scientists predict,

A study conducted by the Philippine Country Study to Address Climate Change

GLOBAL WARMING is an unprecedented type of

A new kind of geothermal power plant that will lock away

Impacts on Social Environment

High-Voltage Transmission Construction of Landscape for tourism may

Impacts on Social Environment

Run-of-River Type Installation of penstocks  Cultural

Hydroelectric Power Creation of a reservoir may  Cultural heritages may go

Impacts on Social Environment

Geothermal Power Involuntary resettlements  Cultural

Coal-Fired Thermal Power Involuntary resettlements  Cultural

Oil-Fired Thermal Power Involuntary resettlements  Cultural

Natural Gas-Fired Thermal Involuntary resettlements  Cultural

Impacts on Social Environment

Gas Turbine/Diesel Power Land acquisition for a Impacts on landscape are

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