RENEWABLE ENERGY

Abdullahi Mohamed Samatar

M.Eng (Electrical Engineering).
Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM)
B.Sc. (Electrical Engineering).
Hormuud University (HU)
Email: Banandiid@gmail.com
 LECTURE 3

NON RENEWABLE AND

RENEWABLE RESOURCES

Renewable Energy - Hormuud University By Lecturer Engr. Samatar

Renewable Energy Resources

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 LECTURE OUTLINE
 NONRENEWABLE RESOURCES

Some Examples of Nonrenewable Resources?

World's largest coal producer

Coal
Petroleum
Coal, Petroleum, And Gas
Nuclear Energy
Natural Gas

Renewable Energy - Hormuud University By Lecturer Engr. Samatar 4

 CONT..

Renewable resources
Wind Energy
Hydro Energy
Solar Energy
Biomass Energy
Geothermal Energy

Renewable Energy - Hormuud University By Lecturer Engr. Samatar 5

 WHAT DO YOU THINK
NONRENEWABLE RESOURCES ARE?
AND
RENEWABLE RESOURCE?

Renewable Energy - Hormuud University By Lecturer Engr. Samatar 6

 NONRENEWABLE RESOURCES

• A nonrenewable resource is a natural resource that cannot be re-

made or re-grown at a scale comparable to its consumption.

• Nonrenewable resources are used worldwide to create

electricity, heat homes, power vehicles and manufacture
goods.

• Resources are considered nonrenewable if their quantities are

limited or if they cannot be replaced as fast as they are used up.

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 SOME EXAMPLES OF
NONRENEWABLE RESOURCES?

• Nonrenewable Energy Resources, like coal, Petroleum or oil,

nuclear, and natural gas, are available in limited supplies.

• This is usually due to the long time it takes for them to be

replenished.

8
 World's largest coal producer

• Coal Consumption by Major Economies, 1990-

2017. According to the BP Statistical Review of
World Energy, world coal consumption was
3,732 million tons of oil equivalent in 2017.
• China. China is the world's largest coal
producer.
• India.
• The United States.
• Australia.
• Indonesia.
• The Russian Federation.
• South Africa.
9
 COAL
 Coal is the most plentiful nonrenewable resource in the world. Coal is
made when plant material has been compressed in bogs for millions of
years.
 Coal is a fossil fuel. It comes from the remains of plants that died
about 100 to 400 million years ago. Coal is a non-renewable energy
source because it takes millions of years to form.
 Sub-surface mines are dangerous for miners as tunnels can collapse
and built-up gas can explode.
 causes erosion and water pollution and decreases bio diversity by
reducing plant and animal habitats.
 Additionally, the burning of coal contributes to air pollution and global
climate change and creates a toxic ash as a by product.

10
 PETROLEUM
• Oil, or petroleum, It was used as early as 1860 for a portable fuel
source, and its production and consumption for both domestic and
industrial use have expanded ever since.

• It is used to create fuels, such as gasoline, diesel and jet fuel.

• It is also used in the manufacturing of plastics and industrial

chemicals.
• Gasoline is a clear, petroleum-derived liquid that is used mainly as
a fuel in internal combustion engines. It consists mostly of organic
compounds obtained by the fractional distillation of petroleum,
enhanced with a variety of additives.

• Diesel fuel in general is any liquid fuel used in diesel engines, whose
fuel ignition takes place, without any spark, as a result of
compression of the inlet air mixture and then injection of fuel.

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 COAL, PETROLEUM, AND GAS

 Coal, petroleum, and natural gas are considered nonrenewable

because they can not be replenished in a short period of time. These
are called fossil fuels.

12
NUCLEAR ENERGY

Nuclear energy is the energy that holds together the

nucleus of atoms. Atoms are the simplest blocks that
make up matter.
the energy released during nuclear fission or fusion,
especially when used to generate electricity.

Nuclear fission uses uranium to create energy.

Nuclear energy is a nonrenewable resource because
once the uranium is used, it is gone!

There are two types of nuclear change, nuclear fission

and nuclear fusion. In nuclear fission, atoms having a
large mass, like uranium, are split
into two and energy is released.

13
 Nuclear Energy

 Although nuclear energy is often held up as a viable alternative

to coal and oil, it is not a renewable energy source.
 Nuclear energy does not create air pollution though combustion
like fossil fuels.
 It does, however, produce radioactive waste, which must be
disposed of and which can cause problems for humans and
ecosystems for thousands of years.
 Additionally, accidents and leaks from nuclear power plants can
have catastrophic effects on the entire planet.

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 NATURAL GAS
 Natural gas is the result of decomposing plants and animals that
were trapped beneath rock millions of years ago.

 This gas is drilled from the ground or extracted using dynamite

and then processed and piped through thousands of miles of
pipelines for cooking, heating homes and fueling vehicles.

 Though natural gas is considered to be a relatively "clean" fossil

fuel, the environmental impacts of extracting it and installing
pipelines include severe disruption of wildlife habitat and
groundwater contamination

15
 CONT..

• flammable gas, consisting largely of methane and other

hydrocarbons, occurring naturally underground (often in
association with petroleum) and used as fuel.

16
 WHAT WAS THE DIFFERENCE
BETWEEN COAL AND OIL/GAS?

If nonrenewable resources are resources that cannot be re-made

at a scale comparable to its consumption.

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 Introduction to RE
Renewable energy is generally defined as energy that comes from
resources which are naturally replenished on a human timescale such as
sunlight, wind, rain, tides, waves, and geothermal heat.

Renewable energy resources exist over wide geographical areas, in

contrast to other energy sources, which are concentrated in a limited
number of countries. Rapid deployment of renewable energy and energy
efficiency is resulting in significant energy security, climate change
mitigation, and economic benefits

Renewable energy resources and significant opportunities for energy

efficiency exist over wide geographical areas, in contrast to other energy
sources, which are concentrated in a limited number of countries.
RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES
 Renewable Energy
Main Form of Renewable Energy

Wind Energy.
Hydro Energy.
Solar Energy.
Biomass Energy.
Geothermal Energy.
Wind Energy
 Wind Energy
Wind is caused by huge convection currents in the Earth's atmosphere,
driven by heat energy from the Sun. This means as long as the sun shines,
there will be wind.

wind energy is believed to be five times total current global energy

production, or 40 times current electricity demand.

This could require large amounts of land to be used for wind turbines,
particularly in areas of higher wind resources. Offshore resources
experience wind speeds of ~90% greater than that of land.
Hydro Energy
 Hydro Energy
The most common type of hydroelectric power plant uses a dam on a river to
store water in a tank.
Water released from the reservoir flows through a turbine, spinning it, which
in turn activates a generator to produce electricity. But hydroelectric power
doesn't necessarily require a large dam.

Hydroelectric energy is a term usually reserved for large-scale hydroelectric

dams.

This includes marine current power, tidal power and ocean thermal energy
conversion.
 What is Dam

Dams are massive barriers built

across rivers and streams to
confine and utilize the flow of
water for human purposes such
as irrigation and generation of
hydroelectricity.

It is a medium to store water at a

height.

Most of hydropower plant rely on

dam.
Hydro Power Plant
Solar Energy
 Solar Energy
Solar energy is radiant light and heat from the sun harnessed using a range of
ever-evolving technologies such as solar heating, photovoltaics, solar thermal
energy, solar architecture and artificial photosynthesis.
The large magnitude of solar energy available makes it a highly appealing
source of electricity.

Solar radiation along with secondary solar resources such as wind and wave
power, hydroelectricity and biomass account for most of the available
renewable energy on Earth.

Passive solar techniques include orienting a building to the Sun, selecting

materials with favourable thermal mass or light dispersing properties, and
designing spaces that naturally circulate air.
Application of Solar Energy
Solar lighting.

water Heating.

Heating,Cooling Ventilation

Electrical generation.
Biomass Energy
 Biomass Energy
Biomass is a renewable energy resource derived from the carbonaceous
waste of various human and natural activities. It is derived from numerous
sources, including the by-products from the timber industry, agricultural
crops, raw material from the forest, major parts of household waste and
wood.
Biomass is biological material derived from living, or recently living
organisms.

In the context of biomass for energy this is often used to mean plant based
material, but biomass can equally apply to both animal and vegetable
derived material.

To many people, the most familiar forms of renewable energy are the wind
and the sun. But biomass (plant material and animal waste) is the oldest
source of renewable energy, used since our ancestors learned the secret of
fire..
 Biomass Sources
Agricultural Crops &
Residues.
Sewage.
Municipal Solid Waste.
Animals Residues.
Industrial Residues.
Forestry Cropes &
Residues.
Geothermal Energy
 Geothermal Energy
Geothermal energy is the heat from the Earth. It's clean and
sustainable.
Resources of geothermal energy range from the shallow ground to hot
water and hot rock found a few miles beneath the Earth's surface, and
down even deeper to the extremely high temperatures of molten rock
called magma.
There is also the potential to generate geothermal energy from hot dry
rocks.

It is the thermal energy contained in the rock and fluid (that fills the
fractures and pores within the rock) in the earth's crust.
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