 PART 1.

PHONETICS AS A
SCIENCE. THE PHONIC
SUBSTANCE OF A LANGUAGE
  
LECTURE  The subject matter of Theoretical
Phonetics.
1  The role of Phonetics in teaching
foreign languages.
 The connection of Phonetics with
other disciplines.
 Sound and phoneme as the basic
components of the language phonic
substance.
 Phoneme as a functional unit.
 Phonemes and allophones.
  PART 2.
 CLASSIFICATION OF
ENGLISH VOWELS
LECTURE
1  The general characteristics of
vowels.
 The articulatory classification
of English vowels.
 Typical mistakes of
Ukrainian learners in vowel
production.
 PHONETICS
SUPRA-
SEGMENTAL SEGMENTAL
Sounds  Morphemes

Phonemes  Syllables
 Words
Allophones
 Sentences
 Texts
(Phonemes
characteristics,
phonemes  (Word-stress, syllable
modifications) structure, intonation)
The Basic Component of the
Language Phonic tructure

phonemes
sounds

allophones
SEGMENTAL PHONETICS

SOUNDS PHONEMES ALLOPHONES

Function as Serve to Are different

phonemes distinguish variants of a
phoneme,
one word
realization of a
from another phoneme in
different
positions in
words. They
cannot
distinguish
words
METHOD OF MINIMAL PAIR/
SET

(- hot – hit –
Heart – hut
heat – hot)
Allophones/ Variants of [i:]

See [si:]– scene [si:n] - seat [si:t]

Front
Close
Long
Tense
Unrounded –
distinctive/ relevant (unchanged features of a
phoneme
Allophones/ Variants of [i:]

See [si:]– scene [si:n] - seat [si:t]

Shortening before voiced and voiceless

consonants
Nasalisation -
(Irrelavant features of a phoneme
(changed features)
 Consonant
allophones
COOL – SCHOOL – BLACK – BLACK CAT
•
English Vowels
Classification Principles

1) ▪Stability of articulation;
2) ▪ Tongue position (horizontal and
vertical);
3) ▪ Lip position;
4) ▪ Length;
5) ▪ Degree of tension.
According to stability of
articulation:

 • monophthongs [I,e,x,R,O,L,A,u,q,W]

• diphthongs [ei], [ai], [Oi];

 [Ou], [au];
[uq], [iq], [Fq]

• diphthongoids [J], [H]

 • front [J], [x], [e]
According to
horizontal • front retracted [i]
position of
the tongue • central [q], [W], [A]

• back-advanced [u]

• back [R[L], [O], [H]

 • close vowels [i], [J],
[u], [H]
According to
vertical • half-open vowels [q],
position of [W], [A], [e]
the tongue
• open vowels [R], [L],
[O], [x]
According to lip position

• labiolized [O], [L], [u], [H]

• non-labiolized [i, J, e, A, R, q, W, x]
According to vowel length

•short [O], [A], [u], [i], [e], [q], [x]

• long [W], [L], [H], [J], [R]
According to the degree of
tension

• tense (long vowels)

• lax (short vowels)
 The phonological analysis of
phonemes
hat heart
 Monophthong  Monophthong
 Front  Back
 Open  Open
 Non-labiolised  Non-labiolised
(unrounded) (unrounded)
 Short  Long
 lax  tense
The phonological analysis of
phonemes
tin turn
 Monophthong
 Front-retracted
 Close
 Typical Mistakes of Ukrainian
Learners of English Vowel Production

 1. We are having bed weather today. He was a good men.

 2. It was getting duck .
 3. His hut stopped beating.
 4. She changed an old bun into a new modern house.
 5. They were cot by a storm. We were given excellent
cord for dinner
 6. They have a nice house on the heel . The mill they
had in the restaurant was awful.
 Recommendations for accurate
pronunciation of English Vowels