Pelvic Cavity(Reproductive

System)

Dr:Ahmed Ibrahim Abdi (nawawi)

Anatomist
 Reproductive system
In men
• The reproductive system in men has components in
the abdomen, pelvis, and perineum.
• The major components are a testis, epididymis,
ductus deferens, and ejaculatory duct on each side,
and the urethra and penis in the midline.
• In addition, three types of accessory glands are
associated with the system:
– a single prostate.
– a pair of seminal vesicles , and
– a pair of bulbo-urethral glands.
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM IN MEN
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM IN MEN
 Testes
• The testes originally develop high on the
posterior abdominal wall and then
descend, normally before birth, through the
inguinal canal in the anterior abdominal
wall and into the scrotum of the perineum.
• During descent, the testes carry their
vessels, lymphatics , and nerves, as well as
their principal drainage ducts, the ductus
deferens (vas deferens).
 Testes
• The sides and anterior aspect of the testis are
covered by a closed sac of peritoneum (the
tunica vaginalis) , which originally connected
to the abdominal cavity.
• Each testis is composed of seminiferous
tubules and interstitial tissue surrounded by a
thick connective tissue capsule (the tunica
albuginea) .
• Spermatozoa are produced by the
seminiferous tubules.
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM IN MEN
HUMEN TESTIS ,EPIDIDYMIS AND VAS DEFERENS
 Testes
• Approximately 12
to 20 efferent
ductules originate
from the upper
end of the rete
testis, penetrate
the capsule, and
connect with the
epididymis
 Epididymis
• The epididymis courses along the posterolateral side o f
the testis.
• It has two distinct components:
– the efferent ductules , which form an enlarged coiled
mass that sits on the posterior superior pole of the
testis and forms the head of the epididymis.
– the true epididymis, which is a single, long coiled
duct into which the efferent ductules all drain, and
which continues inferiorly along the posterolateral
margin of the testis as the body of the epididymis and
enlarges to form the tail of the epididymis at the
inferior pole of the testis.
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM IN MEN
 Epididymis
• The epididymis
also stores
spermatozoa until
ejaculation.
• The end of the
epididymis is
continuous with
the ductus
deferens.
 Ductus deferens
• The ductus deferens is a long muscular duct
that transports spermatozoa from the tail of
the epididymis in the scrotum to the
ejaculatory duct in the pelvic cavity.
• It ascends in the scrotum as a component of
the spermatic cord and passes through the
inguinal canal in the anterior abdominal wall.
• Between the ureter and ejaculatory duct, the
ductus deferens expands to form the ampulla
of the ductus deferens.
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM IN MEN. A. OVERVIEW
 Seminal vesicle

• Each seminal vesicle is an accessory gland of the

male reproductive system that develops as a blind-
ended tubular outgrowth from the ductus deferens.
• The gland is immediately lateral to and follows the
course of the ductus deferens at the base of the
bladder.
• The duct of the seminal vesicle joins the ductus
deferens to form the ejaculatory duct.
• Secretions from the seminal vesicle contribute
significantly to the volume of the ejaculate (semen).
VASA DEFERENTIA, AND SEMINAL VESICLES
VASA DEFERENTIA, AND SEMINAL VESICLES
POSTERIOR VIEW OF THE BLADDER, PROSTATE, VASA DEFERENTIA, AND
SEMINAL VESICLES
ANATOMICAL POSITION OF THE SEMINAL VESICLES IN
RELATION TO THE VAS DEFERENS AND PROSTATE.
 Prostate

• The prostate is an unpaired accessory

structure of the male reproductive system
that surrounds the urethra in the pelvic
cavity.
• It lies immediately inferior to the bladder,
posterior to the pubic symphysis, and
anterior to the rectum.
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM IN MEN
MALE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS
THE PROSTATE GLAND
 Prostate

• Secretions from the prostate, together

with secretions from the seminal vesicles,
contribute to the formation of semen
during ejaculation.
• The ejaculatory ducts pass almost
vertically in an anteroinferior direction
through the posterior aspect of the
prostate to open into the prostatic
urethra.
THE PROSTATE GLAND
PROSTATE
DIGITAL RECTAL EXAMINATIONS CAN ESTABLISH HOW INFLAMED A PROSTATE IS
A DIAGRAM OF PROSTATE CANCER PRESSING ON THE URETHRA
 Ejaculatory Ducts

• The two ejaculatory ducts are each less than 1 in.

(2.5 cm) long and are formed by the union of the
vas deferens and the duct of the seminal vesicle.
• The ejaculatory ducts pierce the posterior surface
of the prostate and open into the prostatic part of
the urethra, close to the margins of the prostatic
utricle; their function is to drain the seminal fluid
into the prostatic urethra.
C. PROSTATIC PART OF THE URETHRA IN MEN
 Bulbo-urethral glands

• The bulbo-urethral glands, one on each side, are small,

pea-shaped mucous glands situated within the deep
perineal pouch.
• They are lateral to the membranous part of the
urethra.
• The duct from each gland passes inferomedially
through the perineal membrane , to open into the bulb
of the spongy urethra at the root of the penis.
• Together with small glands positioned along the
length of the spongy urethra, the bulbo-urethral
glands contribute to lubrication of the urethra.
PELVIC PART OF URETERS, URINARY BLADDER, SEMINAL GLANDS, TERMINAL PARTS OF DUCTUS
DEFERENS, AND PROSTATE
ANATOMICAL POSITION OF THE BULBOURETHRAL GLAND
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM IN MEN
URETHRA. B. IN MEN
 Reproductive system
In women
• The reproductive tract in women is contained
mainly in the pelvic cavity and perineum.
• Major components of the system consist of:
– an ovary on each side, and
– a uterus, vagina, and clitoris in the midline.
• In addition, a pair of accessory glands (the
greater vestibular glands) are associated with the
tract.
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM IN WOMEN
 Ovaries

• Like the testes in men, the ovaries develop

high on the posterior abdominal wall and
then descend before birth, bringing with them
their vessels , lymphatics, and nerves and is
attached to the back of the broad ligament by
the mesovarium.
THE UTERUS, VAGINA, UTERINE TUBES, OVARIES, AND SUPPORTING LIGAMENTS
OVARIES AND BROAD LIGAMENT
INTERNAL FEMALE GENITAL ORGANS
 Ovaries

• The ovary usually lies against the lateral wall of the

pelvis in a depression called the ovarian fossa,
bounded by the external iliac vessels above and by the
internal iliac vessels behind. The position of the ovary
is, however, extremely variable, and it is often found
hanging down in the rectouterine pouch (pouch of
Douglas).
Function
• The ovaries are the organs responsible for the
production of the female germ cells, the ova, and the
female sex hormones, estrogen and progesterone, in
the sexually mature female
THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM. A SAGITTAL SECTION OF THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS
 Supports of ovaries
• Each ovary is stabilized
by the mesovarium and
by a pair of supporting
ligaments: the ovarian
ligament and the
suspensory
(infundibulopelvic)
ligament.
• The ovarian ligament
extends from the
uterus, near the
attachment of the
uterine tube, to the
medial surface of the
ovary.
 Supports of ovaries-Cont.
• The suspensory ligament extends from the
lateral surface of the ovary past the open end of
the uterine tube to the pelvic wall.
• The suspensory ligament contains the major
blood vessels of the ovary: the ovarian artery
and ovarian vein. These vessels are connected
to the ovary at the ovarian hilum, where the
ovary attaches to the mesovarium.
POSTERIOR VIEW OF THE UTERUS, UTERINE TUBES, AND OVARIES
Blood Supply
Arteries
• The ovarian artery arises from the
abdominal aorta at the level of the
first lumbar vertebra.
Veins
• The ovarian vein drains into the
inferior vena cava on the right side
and into the left renal vein on the left
side.
Lymph Drainage
• The lymph vessels of the ovary follow
the ovarian artery and drain into the
para-aortic nodes at the level of the
first lumbar vertebra.
Nerve Supply
• The nerve supply to the ovary is
derived from the aortic plexus and
accompanies the ovarian artery.
BLOOD SUPPLY AND VENOUS DRAINAGE OF UTERUS, VAGINA, AND OVARIES
END