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 PLASMA
MEMBRANE
 A cell’s PLASMA MEMBRANE
defines the cell, outlines its
borders, and determines the
nature of its interaction with its
environment.
PLASMA MEMBRANE
Phospholipid
Bilayer
 The plasma membrane must be
very flexible to allow certain cells,
such as Red Blood Cells and
White Blood Cells, to change
shape as they pass through
narrow capillaries.
COMPONENTS OF THE PLASMA
MEMBRANE
1. Phospholipid

2. Proteins

3. Carbohydrates

4. Cholesterol
PLASMA
MEMBRA
MODELS
NE
 Sandwich Model
The first widely accepted
model of the plasma
membrane’s structure and
proposed by Hugh Davson
and James Danielli
 They theorized that
the structure of the
plasma membrane
resembles a sandwich,
with protein being
analogous to the bread,
and lipids being
analogous to the filling.
Fluid Mos aicModel
The researchers saw that
the core of the plasma
membrane consisted of a
double, rather than a single
layer and was proposed by
Seymour J. Singer and
Garth L. Nicolson.
 It describes the plasma membrane as fluid
structure with mosaic of components:
Phospholipids, Cholesterol, Proteins, and
Carbohydrates.
 PHOS
1 PHO
LIPIDS
PHOSPHOLIPIDS
o Main building block of plasma
membrane
o It is a molecule consisting of
Glycerol, two fatty acids, and a
phosphate-linked head group.
PHOSPHOLIPIDS
 Phospholipids
THREE MAJOR
COMPONENTS
1.Phosphate head
2.Glycerol
backbone
3.Fatty Acid Tails
PHOSPHOLIPIDS
AMPHIPATHIC
o A molecule that has both
HYDROPHILIC and
HYDROPHOBIC section.
o “dual-loving”
 PRO
2 TEINS
PROTEINS
o Makes up the second major
component of Plasma Membranes.
o It may be Integral Proteins or
Peripheral Proteins
PROTEINS
PROTEINS
INTEGRAL PROTEINS
For transport of substance through
membrane.
-Receptor function
-Cell adhesion
-Structural support
PROTEINS
PERIPHERAL PROTEINS
o Are found on the exterior and interior
surfaces of membranes, attached either to
integral proteins or to phospholipids.
o Sometimes referred to as “cell-specific”
proteins; functions for cell recognition
 CARB
3 OHYD
RATES
CARBOHYDRATES
o Are the third major component
of plasma membrane.
o Are bound either to proteins
(glycoproteins) or to lipids
(glycolipids)
CARBOHYDRATES
o Long with peripheral proteins,
carbohydrates form specialized sites on
the cell surface that allow cells to
recognize each other.
o For communication of cells
o The carbohydrate components of both
glycoproteins and glycolipids are
collectively referred to as the
GLYCOCALYX (means “sugar coating”).
o This is highly hydrophilic and attracts large
amounts of water to the surface of the cell.
4
CHOL
TEROL
ES
CHOLESTEROL
o Can be found in the middle between
the phospholipid bilayer
o Helps to stabilize the plasma
membrane and keep it flexible
o For FLUIDITY
 MEMBRAN
o There are various processes used to allow
materials to cross plasma membrane
1) Diffusion
E FLUIDITY
2) Facilitated Diffusion
3) Osmosis
4) Active Transport
5) Endocytosis and Exocytosis
ATERIALS TRANSPORTE
o Small-molecules
o Water o Glucose
o Sodium o Amino Acids
o Potassium o Lactose
o Calcium o Large quantities
of
macromolecules
THAN
KYOU!
Report by GROUP 1