TURKEY

(Globalization
Impact on
Heritages)
GROUP#03
Genelle David
Christene Bojorque
 Great Mosque and Hospital
of Divriği
This region of Anatolia was conquered by the Turks at the
beginning of the 11th century. In 1228–29 Emir Ahmet Shah
founded a mosque, with its adjoining hospital, at Divrigi.

- Within the framework of the ongoing expropriation processes of

private properties in the close vicinity of the Divriği Great Mosque
and Hospital, launched in 2009 by the Governor of Sivas, a number
of buildings were demolished in order to minimize the impact of
surrounding development on the historic setting.
- a landscaping project to design walking paths and visitor
facilities will begin after the completion of the second phase of
expropriation program.
- The Divriği Great Mosque and Hospital complex has been
restored several times. According to inscriptions, intensive
restoration was carried out between the 15th and 19th centuries.
 Hierapolis-Pamukkale
Located in the province of Denizli, this extraordinary landscape was a
focus of interest for visitors to the nearby Hellenistic spa town of
Hierapolis, founded by the Attalid kings of Pergamom at the end of
the 2nd century B.C., at the site of an ancient cult.

- The main threats to the integrity of the property are high numbers
of international tourists that represent a very important economic
resource for the regional economy.
- This has led to biological pollution and constant erosion of the
ancient Roman marble elements, and the relevant authorities are
planning to set up a monitoring system to assist in managing this
problem.
 Aphrodisias
The temple of Aphrodite dates from the 3rd century BC and the city
was built one century later. The city streets are arranged around
several large civic structures, which include temples, a theatre, an
agora and two bath complexes.

- The property includes all elements necessary to express its values

and has not suffered from significant geomorphological change or
intensive human occupation since antiquity.
- The property has been legally taken under control by the State,
and appropriate policies and actions have been proposed within the
conservation and management plans in order to sustain the integrity
of the site.
- The landscape surrounding Aphrodisias has not been exposed to
modern development or to mass tourism.
 Archaeological Site of Troy
the siege of Troy by Spartan and Achaean warriors from Greece in the
13th or 12th century B.C., immortalized by Homer in the Iliad, has
inspired great creative artists throughout the world ever since.

- The archaeological remains still allow for an impressive insight into

the Bronze Age city with its fortifications, palaces and administrative
buildings. Of the Greek and Roman periods, two major public buildings
on the edge of the agora have survived in almost complete condition.
- The authenticity of the archaeological site is high, since there have
been very few reconstructions. Those that have taken place on the
defences have been carried out in strict accordance with the principles
of anastylosis. The authenticity of the surrounding landscape is also
high, and represents an organic development from prehistory to the
present century that has not been subject to any obtrusive tourism
development.
 Archaeological Site of Ani
This medieval city combines residential, religious and military
structures, characteristic of a medieval urbanism built up over the
centuries by Christian and then Muslim dynasties.

- The property has also not undergone any modern development.

Nevertheless, earthquakes, the harsh climate and human
destruction have affected the overall authenticity of the property.
- The level of authenticity of material, substance, and
workmanship has been affected by large amounts of new fabric
introduced in a number of restoration projects, causing loss to the
original building fabric.
 Bursa and Cumalıkızık: the
Birth of the Ottoman Empire
The site illustrates the creation of an urban and rural system
establishing the Ottoman Empire in the early 14th century. The
property embodies the key functions of the social and economic
organization of the new capital which evolved around a civic
centre.

- Buildings in the Khans Area, which developed around Emir

Khan around the Orhan Ghazi Kulliye in the historical commercial
axis, still preserve their original commercial functions at present,
however, Pirinç Han and Kapan Han were partially harmed due to
the construction of new streets during construction activities in the
19th century.
 City of Safranbolu
From the 13th century to the advent of the railway in the early 20th
century, Safranbolu was an important caravan station on the main
East–West trade route. During its apogee in the 17th century,
Safranbolu's architecture influenced urban development throughout
much of the Ottoman Empire.

- There have been no major changes to the integrity of the property

since its inscription, but it remains vulnerable to external pressures,
and continuous efforts are needed to better preserve the traditional
townscape and retain its integrity.
- the level of authenticity in individual buildings is largely related
to changes that have occurred in the interior parts as a response to
modern needs and industrialization. With tourism growth, there has
been a trend to renovate houses and turn them into tourism
facilities, e.g. hotels, restaurants, etc.
 Diyarbakır Fortress and
Hevsel Gardens Cultural
Landscape
The site also includes the Hevsel Gardens, a green link
between the city and the Tigris that supplied the city
with food and water, the Anzele water source and the
Ten-Eyed Bridge.

- it has survived for many centuries and still clearly

encircles the innermost core of the historic city.
- The Hevsel Gardens have also maintained their
historical and functional links to the city.
 Göbekli Tepe

The property presents monumental round-oval and rectangular

megalithic structures erected by hunter-gatherers in the Pre-
Pottery Neolithic age between 9,600 and 8,200 BCE.

- The megalithic structures have largely retained the original

form and design of their architectural elements, together with
numerous decorative elements and craft works that provide an
insight into the way of life of the societies that occupied the
site.