Art App Midterm Lecture 6

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LECTURE 6
 History of Music, Timeline and Genres.

City of Dasmariñas,Cavite QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM Lecture 6
Objectives
1. Learn the different periods and influences of music
2. Appreciate the origin and influences of western countries in
today’s music genres.
3. Demonstrate skills on critical preference about music expressions.

History of Music: “The Story of Music is the Story of Humans”

Historical theorists pointed out that music and language both evolved out of the need for early
humans to communicate their emotional state to other members of the group. The theory was
based on primates which often rely on grooming to connect emotionally with their peers.
Theorists also believed that some point in our prehistory, humans began to come together in
larger groups, and needed a way to broadcast their emotional state to a greater number of
individuals to keep the group united.
In the 1990s history scholars, suggested our
ancestors began communicating with emotional
tones they called ‘vocal grooming’ to cement social
ties on a large scale. They were really looking for a
way to explain the evolution of language, but some
experts think their emphasis on the early
importance of tone shows that the use of emotional
tones to strengthen social cohesion might equally
explain the origin of music. “Illustration of Neanderthals Social Gatherings”


In 2008, another discovery was made – a bone flute in the Hohle Fels cave near Ulm in Germany
dating back 43,000 years. The five-holed flute has a V-shaped mouthpiece and is made from a
vulture wing bone. It was one of several similar instruments found in the area, with others dating
back to 35,000 years ago and made from mammoth ivory. The mammoth-ivory flutes would have
been especially challenging to make. Using only stone tools, the flute maker would have had to split
a section of curved ivory along its natural grain. The two halves would then have been hollowed
out, carved, and fitted together with an airtight seal.
The cave in southern Germany however contains
early evidence for the occupation of Europe by Homo
sapiens and on announcing the discovery, scientists
suggested that the "finds demonstrate the presence
of a well-established musical tradition at the time
when modern humans colonized Europe". Some
other scholars however believed that the said holes “Divje Babe flute” 43,000 BCE - Neanderthals
Hohle Fels Cave, Ulm, Germany
are caused by the teeth of some carnivorous animals.

The oldest musical instrument was probably the
human voice. The Egyptian Nesyamun lived during
the politically volatile reign of pharaoh Ramses XI
(c.1099–1069 BC) over 3000 years ago, working as a
scribe and priest at the state temple of Karnak in
Thebes (modern Luxor). His voice was an essential
part of his ritual duties which involved spoken as well
as sung elements. The sound of a 3,000 year old
mummified individual has been accurately reproduced as a
vowel-like sound based on measurements of the precise
dimensions of his extant vocal tract following Computed
Tomography (CT) scanning, enabling the creation of a 3-D
printed vocal tract. By using the Vocal Tract Organ, which The mummified body of Nesyamun laid on the couch to be
provides a user-controllable artificial larynx sound source, a CT scanned at Leeds General Infirmary. © Leeds Teaching
vowel sound is synthesized which compares favorably with Hospitals/Leeds Museums and Galleries.
vowels of modern individuals.
History of Music: TIMELINE

Medieval (1150 – 1400) Though we can assume
that music began far before 1150, the Medieval period is the
first in which we can be sure as to how music sounded during
this time. Most notated manuscripts from the Medieval period
came from the church or places connected to the church, and
Medieval Strings Instruments Medieval Wind Instruments
so most pieces have a religious subject. (Flutes, Recorders)
Instruments used during this time included the flute, the recorder, and plucked string instruments, like the lute.
Early versions of the organ and fiddle also existed.
Perhaps the most known type of music to come out of the Medieval period was the Gregorian Chant. Gregorian
Chants were monophonic, (a single, unaccompanied melodic line) and most commonly sung by monks).
Polyphonic vocal genres also developed in this time. Polyphony is the use of multiple independent voice types,
as opposed to the one melody line in monophonic singing (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kK5AohCMX0U).
Though a large portion of the music written in this era is not attributed to any author, John Dunstable, Adam de
la Halle, Phillippe de Vitry, Guillaume de Machaut, and Francesco Landini were all notable composers in this
period. It can be concluded that the introduction of harmony began in the Medieval period.

Renaissance (1400 – 1600) The Renaissance brought significantly increased amounts of harmony
and polyphony into music, as most composers were focused on choral music. Religious music continued to
flourish throughout the entire Renaissance period, including new forms such as masses, anthems, psalms, and
motets. “The Silver Swan,” a famous choral piece still sung today by a renaissance composer Orlando Gibbons.
(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tzxvONTljhU)
Instrumentation became more prominent during this period, with
the introduction of slide trumpet, cornet, valveless trumpet,
sackbut, viol, rebec, lyre, lute, guitar, harpsichord, triangle,
tambourine, bells, small drums, reed pipe, bagpipe, transverse
flute and recorder.
The strong sensation of each piece having a definitely tonal center
(or key) became commonplace in the Renaissance period. Notable
composers of the Renaissance include William Byrd, John
Dowland, Orlando Gibbons, Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina, and
Thomas Tallis.
Typical Renaissance Musical Instruments Set.


Baroque (1600 – 1750) Expanding upon the end of the Renaissance period, the Baroque period saw
the creation of writing music in a particular key. However, the Baroque period is commonly known for complex
pieces and intricate harmonies. Still, this period laid the groundwork for the next 300 years of music.
The idea of the modern orchestra was born, along with opera, the concerto, sonata, and cantata. Choral music
was no longer king, as composers turned to compose instrumental works for various ensembles. “Classical”
music gradually began to work its way into society, being played outdoors at dinner parties and special
functions, or as a spectacle in the form of opera.
George Frederick Handel‘s Water Music is an excellent example of a typical
Baroque period piece, composed for King George and performed on the River
Thames (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kuw8YjSbKd4).
Instrumentation became more prominent during this period, with the introduction of
slide trumpet, cornet, valveless and trumpet. Early Baroque composers include
Claudio Monteverdi, Alessandro Scarlatti, Henry Purcell, and Jean Baptiste Lully, while later
Baroque composers included Johann Sebastian Bach, George Frederick Handel, Georg
Cello and piano, added musical instruments
Philipp Telemann, Jean-Philippe Rameau, Dominico Scarlatti, and Antonio Vivaldi. These later in Baroque Music.
composers contributed substantially in the transition to Classical music.


Classical (1750 – 1820) The term “Classical Music” has two meanings: “The broader meaning
includes all Western art music from the Medieval era to the 2000s” and “The specific meaning refers to the
music from the 1750s to the early 1820s”. The Classical period expanded upon the Baroque period, adding a
majorly influential new song form: the sonata. This period also saw the development of the concerto, symphony,
sonata, trio, and quartet. Though this period didn’t add any majorly new instrumentation, the harpsichord was
officially replaced with the piano (or fortepiano). Orchestras increased in size, range, and power, and
instrumentation overall had a lighter, more evident texture than Baroque music, making it less complicated.
Notable composers from the Classical period include musical giants Joseph Haydn,
Ludwig van Beethoven, Franz Schubert, and of course, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart.
Listen to one of Mozart‘s most famous pieces, “Rondo Alla Turca” from his Piano
Sonata No. 11 performed by Musicnotes Signature Artist, Rousseau.
(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aeEmGvm7kDk)
The Classical period is most known for it’s compulsion for structural clarity in music. Piano, prominent musical instruments in
Classical Music.


Romantic (1820 – 1900) Beethoven and Schubert bridged the gap between the Classical and Romantic
periods of music. Just as one might assume from the word “romantic,” this period took Classical music and added
overwhelming amounts of intensity and expression. As the period developed, composers gradually let go of heavily
structured pieces and gravitated towards drama and emotion. Instrumentation became even more prominent, with
orchestras growing to higher numbers than ever. Composers experimented in new ways, trying out unique
instrumentation combinations and reaching new horizons in harmony. Public concerts and operas moved away from
the exclusivity of royalty and riches and into the hands of the urban middle-class society for all to enjoy. The Romantic
era was the golden age of the virtuoso, where the most difficult music would be performed with nonchalant ease.
The Romantic period was also the first period where national music schools began to
appear. This era produced some of music’s most adored composers, including Hector
Berlioz, Frederic Chopin, Felix Mendelssohn, Robert Schumann, Franz Liszt, Johannes
Brahms, Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky, and Richard Wagner. The very end of the Romantic
period also brought about composers Gustav Mahler, Richard Strauss, Giacomo Puccini,
Jean Sibelius, Camille Saint-Saëns, Gabriel Fauré, and Sergei Rachmaninoff.
Romantic Era Music introduced musical
Take a moment to listen to Chopin‘s “Nocturne in E-flat Major (Opus 9 No. 2)” and compare it instruments assembly or Orchestra.
to Mozart‘s”Rondo Alla Turca.” (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p29JUpsOSTE)

20th Century and 21st Century (1900 – Current) This particular period of music has a huge
interwoven variety of genres just like the overlapping expressions of modernism and contemporary art expressions. This period
is comprised with almost interjecting genres of smaller periods such as: Impressionist (1890 – 1925), Expressionist (1908 –
1950), Modern (1890 – 1975), Postmodern (1930 – present), Contemporary (1945 – present) Each period we’ve described up
until the 20th and 21st centuries had a general set of guidelines and characteristics that most composers followed. Over time,
composers have been pulling further and further away from rules and restrictions into what is ultimately now a place of
complete free reign. Classical music is now a place for the ultimate experimentation, and though it may not be as popular in
2018 as it was in 1800, it certainly has not disappeared.
The introduction of electric guitars

in the 21st Century Music Era.


20th Century and 21st Century (1900 – Current)
Impressionist (1890-1925) Musical Impressionism is the name given to
a movement in European classical music that arose in the late 19th century and
continued into the middle of the 20th century. Originating in France, musical
Impressionism is characterized by suggestion and atmosphere, and eschews the
emotional excesses of the Romantic era. Impressionist composers favoured short forms
such as the nocturne, arabesque, and prelude, and often explored uncommon scales
such as the whole tone scale. Perhaps the most notable innovations of Impressionist
composers were the introduction of major 7th chords and the extension of chord
structures in 3rds to five- and six-part harmonies.
Impressionist composers in this period include Igor Stravinsky, Béla Bartók, Dmitri
Shostakovich, Claude Debussy, Maurice Ravel, Gustav Holst, Arnold Schoenberg, and CLAUDE DEBUSSY,
many more. Possibly one of the most famous classical pieces of music ever was Impressionist Music Composer
composed during this time: “Clair de Lune” by Claude Debussy
(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WNcsUNKlAKw).


Expressionist (1908–1950) The term expressionism “was probably first
applied to music in 1918, especially to Schoenberg,” because like the painter Kandinsky
he avoided “traditional forms of beauty” to convey powerful feelings in his music. Arnold
Schoenberg, Anton Webern and Alban Berg, the members of the Second Viennese
School, are important Expressionists (Schoenberg was also an Expressionist painter).
Other composers that have been associated with expressionism are Krenek (the
Second Symphony), Paul Hindemith (The Young Maiden), Igor Stravinsky (Japanese
Songs), Alexander Scriabin (late piano sonatas) (Adorno 2009, 275). Another significant
expressionist was Béla Bartók in early works, written in the second decade of the 20th-
century, such as Bluebeard’s Castle (1911), The Wooden Prince (1917), and The
Miraculous Mandarin (1919). Important precursors of expressionism are Richard
BÉLA BARTÓK,
Wagner (1813–83), Gustav Mahler (1860–1911), and Richard Strauss (1864–1949). Expressionist Music Composer
“Bluebeard’s Castle, 1911”
(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GoImjQOEp-Q)
(Prologue 4:17 minutes)


Modern (1890 – 1975) Modernism in music is a philosophical and
aesthetic stance underlying the period of change and development in musical language
that occurred from 1890 to 1930. Two musical movements that were dominant during
this time were the impressionist beginning around 1890 and the expressionist that
started around 1908. It was a period of diverse reactions in challenging and
reinterpreting older categories of music, innovations that lead to new ways of organizing
and approaching harmonic, melodic, sonic, and rhythmic aspects of music, and
changes in aesthetic worldviews in close relation to the larger identifiable period of
modernism in the arts of the time. The operative word most associated with it is
"innovation". Its leading feature is a "linguistic plurality", which is to say that no single
music genre ever assumed a dominant position. Some notable composers in this era
IGOR STRAVINSKY,
are Igor Stravinsky, Dmitri Shostakovich, Sergei Rachmaninoff, Sergei Prokofiev, Heitor Modern Music Composer
Villa-Lobos, Anton Webern, Alban Berg, Cécile Chaminade, Paul Hindemith, Aram “The Rite of Spring (1913)”
Khachaturian, George Gershwin, and Amy Beach along with Gustav Mahler and (https://www.youtube.com/wa
tch?v=rP42C-4zL3w)
Richard Strauss


Postmodern (1930 – present) Postmodern Music is music in the art
music tradition produced in the postmodern era. It also describes any music that follows
aesthetical and philosophical trends of postmodernism. As an aesthetic movement it
was formed partly in reaction to modernism but is not primarily defined as oppositional
to modernist music. Postmodernists question the tight definitions and categories of
academic disciplines, which they regard simply as the remnants of modernity. As a
philosophical approach, post-modernism rejects the idea of an objective reality. Since
post-modernists believe that there’s no objective truth, any “objective” standards or
forms developed in previous eras are really just the subjective understanding of people
living in different places and times to the world around them. Notable composers in this
era in which some came across the modern period are: John Cage, Pierre Boulez,
JOHN CAGE,
Zygmunt Krauze, Earle Brown, and Luciano Berio and many other. Postmodern Music Composer
“Music of Changes (1951)”
(https://www.youtube.com/wa
tch?v=B_8-B2rNw7s)


Contemporary (1945 – present) The Contemporary Music period is
the period following the Modern Music period. It is generally considered to have lasted from
1945 A.D. to the present. Contemporary music is (in general) based on originality. Then
Contemporary artists use dissonances and tried to disobey "the laws" that music had
followed for many years. There are many sub-categories of Contemporary music, like
minimalism, a style utilising limited music materials that has been explored by many artists
including Steve Reich, John Adams, and Philip Glass. Other genres include neoromanticism,
serialism, and pop culture. Contemporary music also encompasses genres which may not
be considered 'classical' by an average person. Many of these are often reliant on the quite
recent invention of synthesized sounds or non-traditional scales and chords, such as jazz or
electronic music. Contemporary music characterized the following: Fewer lyrical melodies
than other periods, Dissonant, Harmonies, Complex rhythms, Percussiveness, Greater use
of percussion, brass, and woodwind, and Uses synthetic and electronic sounds HENRYK GORECKI,
Contemporary Music Composer
Different people from the romantic era made variations of there songs so they could add “Sorrowful Symphony #3 (1976)”
Impressionism. Some of these composers include Béla Bartók, Igor Stravinsky, Sergei (https://www.youtube.com/watc
h?v=v_pn_cVqGJQ)
Prokofiev, Aaron Copland, Dmitri Shostakovich, Samuel Barber, and Henryk Gorecki.


Contemporary (1945 – present) NEO ROMANTICISM
The term is used to refer to the return to emotional expression associated with 19th-
century Romanticism. In the 1940s, composers such as those of La Jeune France
conceptualized their music as neo-romantic to suggest a rupture with modernist
tendencies. Neo romanticism wished to ‘create a new language based on no classicism,
no pre-existent structures’. They addressed ‘aesthetic problems from the social rather
than individual perspective’.
The Neo-Romantic movement found support in music in the works of American

Composer Samuel Barber (1910-1981) who was inspired by the conflict between nature
and man bridging Classical to Contemporary. Barber uses tonal simple melodies to SAMUEL BARBER,
mourn the disconnection of person from nature in his famous 'Adagio for Strings' (1938). Contemporary Music Composer
Listen to this haunting piece while you look at scarred landscape, and you can sense Neo Romanticism
that the scene and score belong together as nature and mankind tragically struggle to “Adagio for Strings (1938)”
(https://www.youtube.com/watc
find common ground. h?v=izQsgE0L450)


Contemporary (1945 – present) SERIALISM
Serialism, in music, technique that has been used in some musical compositions roughly
since World War I. Strictly speaking, a serial pattern in music is merely one that repeats over
and over for a significant stretch of a composition. In this sense, some medieval composers
wrote serial music, because they made use of isorhythm, which is a distinct rhythmic pattern
that repeats many times regardless of what melodies it belongs to. Another pre-20th-century
example of serialism is the ground bass, a pattern of harmonies or of melody that repeats,
most often in the lower vocal or instrumental parts of a composition. In Structures for two
pianos (I, 1952; II, 1961) by the French composer Pierre Boulez, serial elements include
pitch, rhythm, dynamics, and attack. In Simon Says (1972) by Beauregard Forth, serial
elements include specific harmonies, melodies and metres. Other composers who have
written music that serializes more than the pitch element include Catalonian Roberto ERNEST KREMEK,
Gerhard, the Austrian-American Ernst Krenek, and the German Karlheinz Stockhausen. The Contemporary Music Composer
Serialism
music of any serial composer is likely to differ greatly from that of any other serial composer,
“Piano de Sonata #7 (1988)”
because serialism is a method or technique of composing that specifies by itself little about (https://www.youtube.com/watc
the total sound and style of a piece of music. h?v=Ys5TB7X0eFQ)


Contemporary (1945 – present) POP CULTURE
Pop music, often called simply pop, is contemporary music and a common type of
popular music. The term does not refer specifically to a single genre or sound, and its
meaning is different depending on the time and place. Within popular music, "pop
music" is often distinguished from other subgenres by stylistic traits such as a
danceable rhythm or beat, simple melodies and a repeating structure which are
reminiscent of the songs of vocalists such as Karen Carpenter (country ballad) and
Roberta Flack (classical jazz). Pop song lyrics are often emotional, relating to love or
dancing. Pop music may include elements of rock, hip hop, reggae, dance, R&B, jazz,
country, electronic, and sometimes folk music and various other styles. For example, in
the 1920s–1950s pop music drew influence mainly from jazz, beginning in the 1950s
from rock and rhythm and blues (R&B), and since the 1980s, from hip hop. The broad ROBERTA FLACK,
appeal of pop music is seen to distinguish it from more specific types of popular music, Contemporary Pop Artist, Jazz, R7B
and pop music performers and recordings are among the best-selling and most widely “The First Time Ever I Saw Your
Face, (1969)”
known in many regions of the world. This era, the music writers and composers are (https://www.youtube.com/watch
behind the limelight of the artists/singers/performers. ?v=VqW-eO3jTVU)


POP CULTURE: Some Famous Artists (Any Genre / Period))
*** From the list of LA-WEEKLY and my own choice.
SEBASTIAN BACH 20.
His name is practically synonymous with Baroque music, and by the turn of the 18th century he
had become its master composer. His choir, instrument, and orchestral arrangements are
painstakingly technical and well-organized, and he was a compositional powerhouse. Over his
lifetime, he produced over 200 cantatas, concertos, and suites, which are still considered among
the most beautifully arranged pieces of all time. Not exactly a lightweight.
THE ROLLING STONES 19.

They may have claimed “It's only rock n' roll,” but the music of the Rolling Stones
helped define a generation. Mick Jagger, Keith Richards and the crew came to
represent the edgier side of the British Invasion, serving as countercultural
symbols of youthful rebellion and sexual liberation during a time of sweeping
social change. By 1965 the Stones were dominating charts around the world. We
owe much of today's pop-rock structures to the music they pioneered.


QUEEN 18.
Freddie Mercury has the best pipes on any singer ever. He can reach notes
that seem impossible. Now don’t get me wrong, Brian May, Roger Taylor,
and John Deacon are no slouches, rather they are music gods. So these 4
gods are also recognized for performing one of the greatest if not greatest
live rock performance at Live Aid in 1985. Bohemian Rhapsody is a song
unmatched in its creativity and complexity. Oh and they also sold more than
300 million records making them one of the most successful bands ever.
EMINEM 17.
Eminem is by far the best selling hip-hop artist of all time. He has sold over 172
million albums. His work with D12 and Bad Meets Evil also gets him extra points. He’s
had 10 number one albums on the Billboard 100. His work is very influential, as of
June 2014 he is the second best selling male artist in the world and the sixth best
selling artist in the US.


BOB MARLEY 16.
Reggae singer-songwriter Bob Marley has become a college-stoner icon, but in his
embrace of the Rastafari movement he was as much a fighter as a lover. His political
and social calls to action, which urged repatriation to Africa, are as galvanizing today
as they were 40 years ago. Though he hailed from Jamaica, he remains perhaps the
cultural icon of island countries and the African diaspora around the world.
MADONNA 15.
When asked by Dick Clark on American Bandstand in 1983 what her dreams
were, a young Madonna replied, “To rule the world.” She proceeded to do just
that, releasing eleven blockbuster studio albums to date and becoming the
world's top-selling female recording artist ever. The mother of reinvention, she
has endlessly reworked her image and style, affecting our culture in myriad,
rippling ways. Though she's sometimes criticized for following fads in her
personal life, when it comes to her music the culture usually mirrors her.

CAETANO VELOSO 14.
Branded the Bob Dylan of Brazil, Caetano Veloso co-founded Tropicalia, the
progressive poetry, theater and music movement that helped define Latin America's
psychedelic '60s. Alongside his fellow conspirator, Gilberto Gil, Veloso fused Bossa
Nova, African rhythms, and acid-drenched acoustic guitar with a political
consciousness that found him censored, banned, incarcerated and eventually
exiled by the country's military dictatorship. His music’s recipe was complex but
simple: melodies as gorgeous as a Copacabana beach layered atop of a
philosophical wit exposing his homeland's most gross imbalances.
ABBA 13.
Swedish Europop group that was among the most commercially successful groups in
the history of popular music. In the 1970s it dominated the European charts with its
catchy pop songs. Estimates of total record sales are over 380 million dollars making
them one of the best-selling music artists of all time. ABBA were the first group from a
non-English-speaking country to achieve consistent success in the charts of English-
speaking countries, including the United Kingdom, Ireland, Canada, Australia, New
Zealand, South Africa, some parts in Asia and the United States.

MILES DAVIS 12.
Somehow in his more than forty years of recording, Miles Davis never drifted into
irrelevancy. He was an intense and spiritual figure who refused to be pigeon-holed
by any single style of expression. Through his trumpet playing and band leadership,
he constantly sought new ways to manifest improvised performance. This rejection
of the status quo put him at the forefront of major developments in jazz and rock
last century – including bebop, cool jazz, fusion, and even jazz hip-hop. No one
else in music can claim such a long reign as the King of Cool.
BILLY HOLIDAY 11.

Billie Holiday didn't write that many of her songs, but her gift, like that of an inspired
classical musician, was in the interpretation. Her voice summoned that which was
dramatic, urgent and necessary as if from the center of the earth. Today's politically
minded performers could take inspiration from her protest music; she knew that
imagery and real soul impact listeners more strongly than corny, overly-dogmatic
messages.


GUIDO D’AREZZO 10.

Simply put, the writings of Guido D'Arezzo laid the foundations for Western music.
This medieval theorist of the 11th century was the dude responsible for inventing
the notation we still use today. In other words, without him we wouldn't have sheet
music. Oh yeah, and you know that mnemonic “do-re-mi-fa-so-la-ti-do”? He
invented that too. He’s not a pop icon but his graphs is still the same graphs the
artists used today.
ROBERT JOHNSON 9.
According to folklore, Robert Johnson made a deal with the Devil in order to gain
mastery of the guitar. Hell, no matter how he got it, the Mississippian has influenced
pretty much every rock musician you love. Keith Richards said he was as good as the
blues can get, Eric Clapton called him the most important blues musician that ever
lived, and he's considered one of the greatest guitarists of all time. Supposedly
poisoned at the age of 27 in 1938, he never lived to enjoy public recognition nor
commercial success.

BOB DYLAN 8.
Raised Robert Zimmerman in Hibbing, Minnesota, Bob Dylan spent a year at the
University of Minnesota and joined the Sigma Alpha Mu fraternity. Then he did a
bunch of other stuff, and nowadays performs at minor league baseball stadiums in
medium-sized towns around the country.
WOLFGANG AMADEUS MOZART 7.

You know those stupid bumper stickers parents put on their cars to brag about their
honor student children? Well, Mozart started writing classical compositions at age
four. He performed publicly at the Salzburg University a year later. And at seven he
picked up a violin and sight-read an entire piece with complete accuracy, without
having ever had a violin lesson. Wolfgang Amadeus was a true child prodigy. And this
is without mentioning that he went on to become one of the most highly regarded
classical composers ever.

ELVIS PRESLEY 6.
Elvis didn't like being called a hero, nor did he enjoy the “king of rock 'n roll” moniker.
Teased as a child in Tupelo, Mississippi, he became a loner, learning to play the guitar and
finding inspiration in black gospel music and Memphis' bustling Beale Street blues scene.
He became a leading figure in the emerging genre of rock, and eventually the best-selling
solo artist in the history of popular music. Known as "The King" He was mostly known for his
number 1 singles including "Heartbreak Hotel" "Hound Dog" "Jailhouse Rock" "Love me
Tender“. Elvis debuted in the movie "Love me Tender" and focused less on his music and
continued that way to his death at 30.
LOUIS ARTMSTRONG 5.
Louis Armstrong was jazz's first superstar. Satchmo's explosive creativity defied
conventions of early New Orleans jazz; he was a charismatic showman and dazzling
trumpet player who was, literally, too good for his band. His performances were
largely responsible for shifting the focus from the group to the soloist, and he was
also quite an innovator when it came to scat. Perhaps most importantly, his
acceptance by the social elite helped popularize jazz across racial and social
boundaries.

MICHAEL JACKSON 4.
People made a lot of jokes about Michael Jackson before he died; the way he spoke, the
color of his skin, his fondness for zoo animals and children, the clothes he wore, the
women he married, the names he chose for his kids, his penchant for grabbing his nuts, his
sentimental streak, his plastic surgeries, and his acting talents, or lack thereof. But when
he died people made fewer of those jokes. He is the owner of the best selling album of all
time, Thriller (1982) which was awarded 30 times platinum at the beginning of 2016. His
other albums Bad, Dangerous and History are all among the best charting albums of all
time and all reached the number one position in the US charts.
THE BEATLES 3.
The most influential act of rock era. Rooted in skiffle, beat, and 1950s rock and roll,
the Beatles later experimented with several genres, ranging from pop ballads and
Indian music to psychedelia and hard rock, often incorporating classical elements in
innovative ways. The Beatles produced what many consider their finest material,
from 1965 onwards including the innovative and widely influential albums Rubber
Soul (1965), Revolver (1966), Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band (1967), The
Beatles (commonly known as the White Album, 1968) and Abbey Road (1969).

TINA TURNER 2. Tina…
After almost fifty years in the music business, Tina Turner has become one of the most
commercially-successful international female rock stars to date. Her sultry, powerful voice,
her incredible legs, her time-tested beauty and her unforgettable story all contribute to her
legendary status. In 2008, the iconic entertainer embarked on her "Tina! 50th Anniversary
Tour," a retirement tour which became one of the highest-selling ticketed shows of 2008
and 2009. Turner has nonetheless continued to be a luminary of the musical world when
she appeared on the cover of a 2013 Dutch Vogue that was widely shared.
LUDWIG VAN BEETHOVEN 1.

Considered the best composer of all time, Beethoven challenged authority by refusing
to accept the cultural norms of the day. His soulful sonatas and symphonies broke the
boundaries of the Classical Era, defined by technical mastery — and ushered in a
new period, the Romantic Era. Being deaf didn't stop him from composing
masterpieces that endure to this day.

MUSIC GENRE
Genre is a category of artistic composition, as in
music or literature, characterized by similarities in
form, style, or subject matter. Music genre is a
conventional category that identifies some pieces of
music as belonging to a shared tradition or set of
conventions. Music has to be easy. Some people
liked rock. Some people liked pop. Some people liked
jazz, blues or classical. And, basically, that was sort of
it. However, musicians are a restless bunch geniuses,
imagine that music exists for centuries in different part
of the world, and you reach a point at which,
according to the engineer and “data alchemist” Glenn
McDonald, there are now 1,264 genres of popular
music to date.

SOME POPULAR MUSIC GENRE

MUSIC GENRE
Rock Music 1.
Originated as “Rock & Roll” in the United States, this music has been rocking the world
since the 1950s. It is a form of music that started actually around string instruments, but
now uses other modern instruments too making it a little difficult to give it an accurate
definition. Its loud and strong beats make it popular among the youths. Some popular
rock stars include Little Richard, Bill Haley and Chuck Berry while rock bands like Pink
Floyd, The Doors, Metallica, Nirvana, Queen and Megadeth are the modern bands who
NIRVANA, “Come As You Are”, 1992
have taken the culture by storm.
Curt Cobain, Composer
(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nv5jMLJQ9f4)
Electronic Dance Music 2.

Generally referred as EDM, this form of music is produced by DJs who add dozens of
tones to a piece to create unique music. You can hear them in clubs or even live,
depending upon your accessibility for the same. In the early twenties, electronic dance
YELLOW MAGIC ORCHESTRA (Trio Band)
music was known in the form of Jamaican dub music, the electronic music of Kraftwerk, Yukihiro Takahashi, Composer
the disco music of Giorgio Moroder, the Yellow Magic Orchestra and many more. “Rydeen” (1979)
(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nv5jMLJQ9f4)


MUSIC GENRE
JAZZ 3.
Identified with swing and blue notes, Jazz has its roots both in the West African and
European culture. It is said that Jazz is “One of America’s original art forms” and boasts a
unique combination of creativity, coactions and interactivity. Originating in the late 19th to
early 20th century, Jazz has also played an important role in introducing the world to a
number of women performers like Ella Fitzgerald (The Queen of Jazz), Betty Carter,
Abbey Lincoln and Ethel Waters.
ELLA FITZGERALD “Summertime”, 1968
Composers, George & Ira Gershwin, Du Bose & Dorothy Heyward
(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u2bigf337aU)
RHYTHM AND BLUES 4.

Vocalists like Rihanna, Mariah Carey, Beyoncé, Usher and the legendary Michael
Jackson have all made it huge in the music industry with their love for this form of music.
Originated in the 1940s, this African-American music is a combination of hip hop, funk,
MARIAH CAREY
dance, pop and soul focusing on themes like relationships, sex and freedom. Tom Evans, Pete Ham, Composers
“Without You” (1992)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hat1Hc9SNwE)


MUSIC GENRE
TECHNO MUSIC 5.
You may have listened to a number of techno music while clubbing, but it is Detroit techno
that is considered to be the foundation of this form of music. Unlike the days of its
emergence, the use of technology today has greatly enhanced the quality of techno style
music and popularizing it among people day by day. Some popular artists in this genre are
Marcel Dettman, Ricardo Villalobos, Carl Craig, and Ben Klock.
BEN KLOCK “Subzero, Original Mix”, 2013

(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QmY6Dh-DLRc)
COUNTRY MUSIC 6.
Another popular genre of American music which originated in the 1920s, Country music
has its roots from American folk and western music. It is formed using simple forms of
instruments ranging from electric and steel guitars to drums and mandolin or mouth
JOHN DENVER
organ. Some very popular country music singers include Shania Twain, Johnny Cash “Annie’s Song” (1995)
Taylor Swift, John Denver and Kenny Rogers. (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TyJRsp5t9mA)


MUSIC GENRE
POP MUSIC 7.
Pop Music is known to be a genre of popular music. With its roots in the rock & roll
style, this form can include any form of music ranging from urban and dance to rock,
country and Latin. Instruments highly used are electric guitars, synthesizer drums as
well as bass and one can listen to this form of music by listening to songs by Cindy
Lauper, Britney Spears, Madonna, Beyoncé Lady Gaga and of course the “King of
Pop”, Michael Jackson.
CINDY LAUPER “True Colors”, 1985
Billy Steinberg, Tom Kelly, composers
(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LPn0KFlbqX8)
REGGAE 8.
Stylistically, reggae incorporates some of the musical elements of rhythm and blues
(R&B), jazz, mento, calypso, African, and Latin American music, as well as other genres.
Reggae scenes consist of two guitars, one for rhythm and one for lead drums, congas,
and keyboards, with a couple vocalists. Popular artists in this genre are Bob Marley (The
JIMMY CLIFF
Father of Reggae), Peter Tosh, Toots and the Maytals, Jimmy Cliff, Burning Spear, “Many Rivers to Cross” (1972)
Bunny Wailer, Black Uhuru, and thousands of them. (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SF3IktTk_pQ)


MUSIC GENRE
CLASSICAL CROSSOVER 9.
A genre that hovers between classical and popular
music, and is usually targeted at fans of both types of
music. Classically trained performers (most often
operatic superstars) sing popular songs, folk music,
show tunes, or holiday songs. Crossover may refer to
pop stars singing classical repertoire. It can also be
applied to the work of artists, vocal or instrumental, who
attempt to create a synthesis between a classical and a
popular style, such as jazz interpretations of traditional
classical pieces, or contemporary classical works that
are heavily influenced by rock. Music that doesn't fall
comfortably into either category, but that might appeal to
both pop and classical fans, such as world music and
non-Western folk traditions, is sometimes also classified MAKSIM MRVICA “Flight of the Bumblebee”, Classical Instrumental, 2014
as crossover. Popular artists in this genre are: Yanni, Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov, Composer
Kenny G, Enya, Sarah Brightman, Maksim Mrvica, and One of the best selling crossover artists of today.
(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QM0p5bxWQnQ)
many others.

MUSIC GENRE
KPOP CROSSOVER 10.
They call it Hallyu (the Korean wave) the idea that South Korean pop culture
has grown in prominence to become a major driver of global culture, seen in
everything from Korean dramas on Netflix to Korean skincare regimens
dominating the cosmetics industry to delicious Korean tacos and
samgyupsal on your favorite local menu. And at the heart of Hallyu is the
ever-growing popularity of K-pop or Korean pop music.
K-pop has become a truly global phenomenon thanks to its distinctive blend
of addictive melodies, slick choreography and production values, and an
endless parade of attractive cosmetic-made South Korean performers who
spend years in grueling studio systems learning to sing and dance in
synchronized perfection. Hallyu has been building for two decades, but K-
pop in particular has become increasingly visible to global audiences in the
past five to 10 years. South Korean artists have hit the Billboard Hot 100
chart at least eight times since the Wonder Girls first cracked it in 2009 with WONDER GORLS “Nobody”, 2009
their crossover hit “Nobody” (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BA7fdSkp8ds)

So, truly MUSIC and likely other forms of art, has progressed in a
way that involves carrying on some traditions from the past–in part so that
people recognize it as the art it purports to be. (Some may complain, for
example, that modern music or art is “not music” or “not art at all.”) At the
same time, musicians intermittently introduce new features to capture
listeners’ interest. The music researchers say their model can be used to
analyze this balance between typicality and novelty that may well exist in
other cultural areas. It appears their approach is already being used to
examine evolutionary rules at play in the development of language, other
musical genres, and scientific topics.
Music can evolve by the process of natural selection, the same way
species evolve in the natural world. Scientists Robert MacCallum and
Armund Leroi from Imperial College London have developed a program
called Darwin Tunes, which generates bursts of noise that evolve based on
the preferences of thousands of listeners. In my humble opinion, music
does not only evolve with humanity, it is humanity.

Just like music, ”Some people feel the rain, others just get wet”
- Bob Dylan

Practical Exam (Part 2 of objective exam):

POP-PICTORIAL TAYO! (OPTION 2)
Dress up Like a Pop Icon (50pts)
Choose a Contemporary Pop Genre from 50’s to present (mentioned or not in the lecture 6)
and dress up according to the common fashion trends in that particular music period and
take a picture of yourself. Attach the said picture in a “word worksheet” and prepare write
ups about the following discussion: Type of chosen genre; Artists common fashion statement
on that period; and Things to know about the selected period/genre by giving necessary
discussions about the chosen period/genre and an example of a popular artist (influences
and achievements). Limit the work in one page only. (Readily available solo picture na
pasadong pop idol ang dating ay pwede din!)
Points will be given according to the following criteria: Picture Costume/props (20), Write
ups about the genre and costume used (20) and Overall Presentation (10).
Sample Layout
*Do not go out of the house to look for costumes and props. Use your creativity to transform
using in-house available materials. Be safe everyone!

Art App Midterm Lecture 6

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QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

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City of Dasmariñas,Cavite QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM Lecture 6

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History of Music: “The Story of Music is the Story of Humans”

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City of Dasmariñas,Cavite QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM Lecture 6

History of Music: “The Story of Music is the Story of Humans”

City of Dasmariñas,Cavite QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM Lecture 6

History of Music: “The Story of Music is the Story of Humans”

City of Dasmariñas,Cavite QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM Lecture 6

History of Music: TIMELINE

City of Dasmariñas,Cavite QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM Lecture 6

History of Music: TIMELINE

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City of Dasmariñas,Cavite QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM Lecture 6

History of Music: TIMELINE

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City of Dasmariñas,Cavite QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM Lecture 6

History of Music: TIMELINE

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City of Dasmariñas,Cavite QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM Lecture 6

History of Music: TIMELINE

City of Dasmariñas,Cavite QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM Lecture 6

History of Music: TIMELINE

The introduction of electric guitars

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History of Music: TIMELINE

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History of Music: TIMELINE

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City of Dasmariñas,Cavite QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM Lecture 6

History of Music: TIMELINE

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City of Dasmariñas,Cavite QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM Lecture 6

History of Music: TIMELINE

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City of Dasmariñas,Cavite QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM Lecture 6

History of Music: TIMELINE

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History of Music: TIMELINE

The Neo-Romantic movement found support in music in the works of American

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History of Music: TIMELINE

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History of Music: TIMELINE

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History of Music: TIMELINE

THE ROLLING STONES 19.

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History of Music: TIMELINE

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History of Music: TIMELINE