WIND & COAL ENERGY

Krutarth Patel Abhishek Mandaviya

Wind Energy Programme in India
• The Wind power programme in India was initiated towards the end of the
Sixth Plan, in 1983-84. It was a market-oriented strategy led to successful
commercial development of the technology.
• It included wind resource assessment activities; R&D support; to create
awareness and opening up of new sites; involvement of utilities and
industry; development of infrastructure capability and installation,
operation and maintenance of wind electric generators; and policy support.
• The programme aims at catalyzing commercialization of wind power
generation in the country. The Wind Resources Assessment Programme is
being implemented through the State Nodal Agencies, Field Research Unit
of Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology (IITM-FRU) and Center for Wind
Energy Technology (C-WET).
Geographical Location & Wind Potential

In India it is estimated that wind energy for

electricity generation is nearly 65000MW.

India has got 7600km of Coastlines which

provides a potential to sustain the growth upto
12 nautical miles into the sea.

In 2008, India shared 6.58% of total wind energy

installed around world (ref. World Wind Energy
Report 2008). Moreover other nations also
showed highest renewable energy through wind
energy.
 Wind Power Technology
3 Main types of Technology used:

1.Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine

(HAWT)
2.Vertical Axis Wind Turbine (VAWT)
3.Novel Technology

Source:
http://www.eai.in/ref/ae/win/technology_options.html#res_roofs
Business Opportunity
1.Produce Raw Material
2.Manufacture Equipment
3.Component
4.Trading Opportunity
5.Mergers & Acquisitions
6.Power Plant Developer
7.R&D
Wind Energy As Job Generators
• It has created many jobs opportunities as
compared to centralized, non-renewable
energy sources. Wind Energy Companies
have opened career option.

• Manufacturing Technology has given

entrepreneurs with new business options
to venture in.

• Moreover it showed increase in the

employment level from 235000 to
440000 in 2008, it means in 3 years
200000 jobs were created.
How can a Company setup a Wind Power
Plant In India?

The First 4 steps of setup are between the Producers and Company.

In these 4 steps the raw materials are supplied, designed according to capacity by
the wind turbine companies and then are checked and approved by the
Government.

Finally the Installation Process begins with setting up of Wind Power Plant.
 Wind Energy Projects in India
From the table:

Satara Power Plant which is located in

Maharastra generates highest amount of
Wind Energy (259 MW).

Cape Comorin Power Plant which is

located in Tamil Nadu generates 33 MW
Wind Energy.

Kayathar Power Plant which is located in

Tamil Nadu generates 30 MW Wind
Energy.
Government’s Role
1. Accelerated Depreciation:
• It helps projects to deduct upto 80% of value of Wind Power equipment during the year. They are
also given tax benefits for 10 years.

2. Indirect Tax Benefit:

• They are given concession on excise duty and reduction in custom duty for it equipments.

3. Many Other Benefits Like:

• Central Level Generation Based Incentives
• Renewable Purchase Obligations
• Renewable Energy Certificate
• Small Wind Energy & Hybrid System Programme

4. Moreover Different States provide their services for the growth of Wind Power Generation and
for its growth.
What Is Coal
• Most people know coal as a fossil fuel which is used to produce
around 40 percent of the world's electricity.

•  It’s a flammable black or brown sedimentary rock, and is made

mostly of organic carbon.
 Types of Coal
•  There are actually two main types of coal:

1. ‘Thermal’ coal, which is mostly used for power generation.

2. ‘Metallurgical’ coal, which is mostly used for steel

production. Thermal coal is more abundant, has lower carbon
content and is higher in moisture than metallurgical coal.
 Metallurgical coal
• Metallurgical coal, also called metcoal or coking coal, is a type
of coal that is used in the production of steel.

• It is of a higher purity than thermal coal which is used in energy

generation.

• To make steel, metcoal is heated at around 1100 degrees C to remove

water and other chemicals.
• Coal is also commonly used in cement manufacturing and as a
component of thousands of other products.

• Both types of coal are formed in a similar manner; from decomposed

vegetation that was compressed beneath layers of sand, sediment
and rock at high temperatures over millions of years.

• It’s typically found as layers (coal beds) or veins (coal seams).

Different Types of Surface Mines :

STRIP MINING AUGER MINING

OPEN-PIT MINING Mountaintop Removal Mining
 Types of Underground Mining
Room-and-Pillar Mining Longwall Mining
Coal Producing States in India
• JHARKHAND: 38% of the total
reserves of India are found in this
state.

• Darla is the most important and

most productive coal field in
India.

• The field accounts for 100% of

the country’s prime coking coal
production. 
Annual Coal Production and Import (million
tons).
 How does coal make electricity?

Simply put, coal-fired electricity generation is a five-step process:

• Thermal coal (either black or brown) that has been pulverised to a fine powder is burned.

• The resulting heat is used to turn water into steam.

• The steam at very high pressure is then used to spin a turbine, connected to an electrical
generator.

• The spinning turbine causes large magnets to turn within copper wire coils; this is called the
generator.

• The moving magnets cause electrons in the wires to move from one place to another, creating
an electrical current and producing electricity.
Raw Coal usage (million tons, %)
 Benefits of Coal Power
• Cheapest source of energy.  It is by far cheaper than nuclear, natural gas, oil.  Hydro usually will
be slightly cheaper.  However,  problems with hydro include: no new facilities because of public
outcry when river valleys are dammed.

• Abundant supply, concentrated in industrialized countries (US, Russia, China, India).

• Continuous power. Good utilization. High load factor.

• Relatively low capital investment (compared to gas or nuclear).

• Can be made low carbon and clean with CCS (carbon capture and storage) and various scrubbers.

• Can be converted to a liquid or a gas, which burn cleaner.

 Ill effects of Coal Power
• Coal is nonrenewable. There is a finite supply.

• Coal mining is the second highest emitter of methane, a potent greenhouse gas.

• High levels of radiation. Coal plants release more radiation than nuclear plants

• Coal burning releases Sox(sulfur oxides)  and Nox(nitrogen oxides) which both cause acid rain.

• Burning coal emits mercury and other heavy metals that pose major health risks.

• Coal emissions linked to increased rates of asthma and lung cancer.

Utilities Installed Capacity (GW,%)
Business Opportunities…..