ENGLISH AND ALBANIAN VERB

CONJUGATION.
IRREGULAR VERBS
PART 2

BY: TO:
REJHANE JONUZI DOC.DR LINDITA ADEMI
 VERB CONJUGATION
 Verb conjugation refers to how a verb changes to show a different
person, tense, number or mood.
 In English, we have six different persons: first person singular (I),
second person singular (you), third person singular (he/she/it/one),
first person plural (we), second person plural (you), and third
person plural (they). We must conjugate a verb for each person.
 According to the grammatical form and meaning verbs in Albanian
have six moods : indicative ( menyra deftore), subjunctive
(lidhore), conditional (kushtore), optative (deshirore),
admirative(habitore) and imperative ( urdherore).
 PRESENT TENSE
 Albanian verbs do not have an infinitive. The representative form
and the 1st person singular of the indicative mood have the same
form. All verbs fall under three conjugations based on the endings
they take in the first person singular of Simple Present Tense of
the Indicative Mood. There are four present tenses in English:
Present Simple, Present Continuous, Present Perfect and Present
Perfect Continuous.

I. I learn I. Unë mësoj

II. You learn II. Ti mëson
III. He/she/it learns III. Ai/ajo mëson

IV. We learn IV. Ne mësojmë

V. You learn
V. Ju mësoni
VI. Ata/ato mësojnë
VI. They learn
 There are three types of verb conjugation in Albanian:
1.) The first type of conjugation includes verbs whose first
person singular ends in –j ( punoj-to work, shkruaj-to write,
shkoj-to go, lexoj-to read, bej-to do, degjoj-to listen,mësoj-to
learn)
2.) The second type of conjugation includes verbs whose first
person ends in a consonant like: hap-to open, mbyll-to close,
vesh-to wear, qesh-to laugh, vendos-to decide.
3.) The third type of conjugation includes verbs whose first
person singular of Simple Present Tense ends in a vowel.
Verbs like: ha- to eat, pi-to drink, rri- to stay.
 PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
 Form: Have or has + past form of a verb
 Uses:

Use 1: Actions that started in the past, continue into the present,
and may continue into the future
Ex: My neighbor has lived next door to me for two years.
Use 2: Separate actions that happened in the past and may happen
again in the future
Ex: That man has traveled overseas several times.
Use 3: Recently completed actions that still influence things
happening in the present
Ex:  The sun has risen and you need to wake up.
TYPES OF CONJUGATION:
 First conjugation: verbs that end in –a and –I form past participle by
adding the suffix –rë : laj (wash) – larë (washed), fshij ( clean) - fshirë
(cleaned); those that end in –oj we add – uar : mësoj ( learn) – mësuar
(learned); with –ej we add –yer : pelqej (like) –pelqyer (liked); with –
yej we drop out the –j and add –r : thyej (break) – thyer ( broken).
 Second conjugation: verbs that end in consonants: hap ( open), vendos
(decide) , vesh ( wear). We add the ending –ur : mbyll (close) –
mbyllur ( closed); those that end in –es and –as lose these endings by
taking the edning –itur : shes (sell) – shitur (sold), trokas (knock) –
trokitur (knocked); as for the verb –kam and –jam they change their
form into –pasur and –qenë.
 Third conjugation: verbs that end in vowel: ha (eat), pi (drink), rri
(stay), bie (fall), vë ( put). Usually they take the ending –rë but some
of them change the whole form such as: ha (eat) – ngrënë ( eaten), pi
(drink) – pirë (drunk), rri(stay)- ndenjur(stayed).
 Just like in English which is the auxiliary verb –have so is in Albanian
the auxiliary verb –kam that is put before the main verb in past
participle. In English the auxiliary verb changes only in the third
person singular to –has while in Albanian it changes in all persons
singular and plural such as in singular : kam, ke, ka; and plural: kemi,
keni, kanë. 

I. I have learned I. Unë kam mësuar

II. Ti ke mësuar
II. You have learned III. Ai/ajo ka mësuar
III. He/she/it has learned

IV. Ne kemi mësuar

IV. We have learned V. Ju keni mësuar
V. You have learned VI. Ata/ato kanë mësuar
VI. They have learned
 PAST TENSE
 Simple past tense verbs show action that occurred and was
completed at a particular time in the past. 
 First conjugation: verbs that end in –oj, have these endings in Past
Simple: -va, -ve, -i, -uam -uat, -uan. In some cases these endings
change.
 Second conjugation: verbs that end with a consonant have these
endings in Past Simple: -a, -e, -i, -ëm, -ët, -ën.
 Third conjugation: verbs that end in a vowel have these endings in
Past Simple: -a, -e, -i or -u , -ëm, -ët, -ën.
I. I learned I. Unë mësova
II. You learned II. Ti mësove
III. He/she/it learned III. Ai/ajo mësoi

IV. We learned IV. Ne mësuam

V. You learned V. Ju mësuat
VI. They learned VI. Ata/ato mësuan
PAST PERFECT TENSE
 Form: had+ past form of a verb
 Uses:

Use 1: When describing a series of actions, use past perfect to

describe the action that happened first
EX:  I had gone home; then I read a book and fell asleep.
Use 2: When you are describing two past actions that take place
at the same time, you can use past perfect tense to describe
the shorter action. 
EX: She had burned herself while she was cooking dinner. 
Use 3: Describing a past action that was finished in a specific
time period:
Many students had felt depressed in February. 
 TYPES OF CONJUGATION:
 First conjugation: verbs that end in –a and –I form past participle by
adding the suffix –rë : laj (wash) – larë (washed), fshij ( clean) - fshirë
(cleaned); those that end in –oj we add – uar : mësoj ( learn) – mësuar
(learned); with –ej we add –yer : pelqej (like) –pelqyer (liked); with –yej
we drop out the –j and add –r : thyej (break) – thyer ( broken).
 Second conjugation: verbs that end in consonants: hap ( open), vendos
(decide) , vesh ( wear). We add the ending –ur : mbyll (close) – mbyllur
( closed); those that end in –es and –as lose these endings by taking the
edning –itur : shes (sell) – shitur (sold), trokas (knock) – trokitur
(knocked); as for the verb –kam and –jam they change their form into –
pasur and –qenë.
 Third conjugation: verbs that end in vowel: ha (eat), pi (drink), rri (stay),
bie (fall), vë ( put). Usually they take the ending –rë but some of them
change the whole form such as: ha (eat) – ngrënë ( eaten), pi (drink) –
pirë (drunk), rri(stay)- ndenjur(stayed).
 As in the Present Perfect Tense in English language we use the the
auxiliary verb –have, in the Past Perfect Tense we use the same
auxiliary verb but in past participle –had. In Albanian the auxiliary
verb –kam is replaced by the verb –kisha which is the past
participle form of –kam just like in English. We put before the
main verb in past participle form. In English the auxiliary verb
doesn’t change at all in all persons singular and plural while in
Albanian it changes in all of them such as in singular : kisha,
kishe, kishte; and in plural: kishim, kishit, kishin. 
I. I had learned I. Unë kisha mësuar
II. You had learned II. Ti kishe mësuar
III. He/she/it had learned III. Ai/ajo kishte mësuar

IV. We had learned

IV. Ne kishim mësuar
V. You had learned V. Ju kishit mësuar
VI. They had learned VI. Ata/ato kishin mësuar
 FUTURE TENSE
 Future tense shows an action which is going to happen after the
moment of speaking, an action in the future.
 There are several different ways in English that you can talk about
the future. This are the most important ones:
- Predictions/statements of fact
- Intentions
- Arrangements
- Scheduled events
 Predictions/statements of fact

The auxiliary verb will is used in making predictions or simple

statements of fact about the future.
Ex: The sun will rise at 6.30 tomorrow.
I know my parents won't let me go to the party.
You won't pass your exams if you don't start working harder.
 Intentions
The auxiliary verb going to is used in talking about intentions. (An
intention is a plan for the future that you have already thought about.)
Ex: We're going to buy a new car next month.
I'm going to work in a bank when I leave school.
What are you going to have for lunch today?
 Arrangements

The present continuous tense is used in talking about arrangements. (An

arrangement is is a plan for the future that you have already thought
about and discussed with someone else.)
Ex: I'm meeting my mother at the airport tomorrow.
My sister's going to the dentist tomorrow.
 Scheduled events

The present simple tense is usually used to refer to future events that are

scheduled (and outside of our control).
Ex: Hurry up! The train departs in 10 minutes.
When does the meeting begin?
 To form the future in Albanian it’s very simple, just use the
whole infinitive verb plus these following endings: 
For singular: -j, -sh, -jë
For plural: -jmë, -ni, jnë
This is very similar to the future tense of English. It is founded
by placing 'do të' - "will"  before a verb. 
Example: to learn- mësoj

I. I will learn I. Unë do të mësoj

II. You will learn II. Ti do të mësosh
III. He/she/it will learn III. Ai/ajo do të mësojë

IV. We will learn IV. Ne do të mësojmë

V. You will learn V. Ju do të mësoni
VI. Ata/ato do të mësojnë
VI. They will learn
 IRREGULAR VERBS
 Conjugation of some irregular verbs- Not all Albanian verbs
form the imperfect regularly. I will give some of the most
common verbs with irregular forms in the present tense and
imperfect.
EX: jam – to be

I. I am / was I. Unë jam / isha

II. You are / were II. Ti je / ishe
III. He/she/it is / was III. Ai/ajo është / ishte

IV. We are / were IV. Ne jemi / ishim

V. You are / were V. Ju jeni / ishit
VI. They are / were VI. Ata/ato janë / ishin
 In Albanian there are two types of irregular verbs: those that
change their form completely and those that change their form
partly.
1. In the first group there are this kind of verbs:

Jam – qeshë - qenë

Kam – pata – pasur
Bie – rashë – rënë
Ha – hëngra – ngrënë
Vij – erdha – ardhur
2. In the second group there are this kind of verbs:

Dua – desha – dashur

Lë – lashë – lënë
Them – thashë – thënë
Vdes – vdiqa - vdekur
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