Presented by:

Ajeet Chakraborty Hrishikesh Baruah

Arun Batra Shashanka Yerabaty
Shreya Verma Sumit Shukla
Anoop Anantha Varun Nirola
Amit Surana Vinay Kumar

CONTRIBUTION OF QUALITY
GURU - KAORU ISHIKAWA
1
2
BIOGRAPHY: A BRIEF

 Born: July 13, 1915; Tokyo, Japan

 Citizenship: Japan

 Fields: Quality, Chemical Eng.

 Institutions: University of Tokyo,

Musashi Institute of Technology

 Alma Mater: University of Tokyo

 Known for: Ishikawa diagram, Quality Circle

 Notable Awards: Walter A. Schewart Medal, Order

of the Sacred Treasures

 Died: April 16, 1989 (aged 73)

3
CONTRIBUTIONS TO
QUALITY

 User friendly quality control

 Fishbone cause and effect diagram- Ishikawa
Diagram
 Implementation of quality circles
 Emphasized the internal customer
 Shared vision
4
CONTRIBUTIONS

 His notion for company wide quality control called for

continued customer service
 With his cause and effect diagram, he made
significant and specific advancements in quality
improvement.
 He also showed the importance of the seven quality
tools: control chart, run chart, histogram, scatter
diagram, Pareto chart and flowchart.
 Explored the concept of quality circles
 Believed in the importance of support and leadership
from top level management.
5
CONTD..

 Emphasized on quality throughout a

product’s life cycle and not just during
production.
 Customer satisfaction and not standards, is
the ultimate source of decision making.
 He felt standards to be continuous quality
improvement programs—they too should be
constantly evaluated and changed.
6
PLAN-DO-CHECK-ACT
MODEL

 Ishikawa expanded the Deming’s Plan-Do-Check-

Act model’s four steps into following six:
 Determine goals and targets
 Determine methods of reaching goal
 Engage in educating and training
 Implement work
 Check the effects of implementation
 Take appropriate action
7

Deming’s 4 steps expanded into 6 steps

8
COMPANY WIDE QUALITY

Rather than technical contributions to

quality, Ishikawa is associated with
Company-wide Quality Control Movement
that started in Japan in the years 1955-1960
following the visits of Deming and Juran.
9

 Features:
 Quality control in Japan is characterized by
company-wide participation from top
management to the lower ranking
employees.
 All study statistical methods, as well as
participation by the engineering, design,
research and manufacturing departments,
also sales, material and clerical or
management departments (such as planning,
accounting, business and personnel) are
involved.
10
EFFECTS OF COMPANY
WIDE QUALITY

 Product quality is improved and becomes uniform. Defects are

reduced.
 Reliability of goods is improved.
 Cost is reduced.
 Quantity of production is increased, and it becomes possible to
make rational production schedules.
 Wasteful work and rework are reduced.
 Technique is established and improved.
 Expenses for inspection and testing are reduced.
 Contracts between vendor and vendee are rationalized.
11

 The sales market is enlarged.

 Better relationships are established between
departments.
 False data and reports are reduced.
 Discussions are carried out more freely and
democratically.
 Meetings are operated more smoothly.
 Repairs and installations of equipment and facilities are
done more rationally.
 Human relations are improved.
12
ISHIKAWA DIAGRAM

 Also known as fishbone or cause-and-effect

diagram, shows the causes of a certain effect.
 Common uses of Ishikawa diagram are product
design and quality defect prevention.
 Each cause or reason for imperfection is a source
of variation.
 Causes are usually grouped into major categories
to identify these sources of variation.
13
BASIC CONCEPT
 One problem/effect

 7 causes lead to the problem/effect

 The causes are divided into main and side causes

 The 7 causes are:

 Methods

 Machinery

 Management

 Materials

 Manpower

 Environment

 Measurement
14
AIM

 Find the causes, main and side causes

 Clarity
 Interdependence of the causes
 Improve them for having the wanted effect or
eliminate them for solving the problem
15
ISHIKAWA DIAGRAMS
16
PROCEDURE

 Sketch the diagram and inscript the needed

causes
 Work the main and side causes out
 Check the completeness
 Weight the main & side causes in terms of
meaning & influence
 check the selected causes for rightness
 The team discusses about the solution
17
QUALITY CIRCLES

 A quality circle is a volunteer group composed of

workers(or even students), usually under the
leadership of supervisor (but they can elect a
team leader), who are trained
 to identify, analyze and solve work related
problems

 present their solutions to management

 To improve the performance of the organization,

 And motivate and enrich the work of employees.

18
CHARACTERISTICS

 Small group of employees – optimum of 8-10 members

 Members are from same work area or doing similar type
of job.
 Membership is voluntary
 Meet regularly for an hour every week
 They meet to identify, analyze, and resolve work related
problems
 Resolve work related problems, leading improvement in
their total performance.
 Quality circle enrich the work life of the employees
19
STRUCTURE
20
ROLES AND
RESPONSIBILITY

 Top management: The success of the quality circles

depends solely on the attitude of the Top management
and plays an important role to ensure the success of
implementation of quality circles in the organization.
 Steering committee: This is at the top of the structure. It
is headed by a senior executive and includes
representatives from the top management personnel
and human resources development people. It establishes
policy, plans and directs the program and meets usually
once in a month.
 Coordinator: He may be a Personnel or Administrative
officer who co-ordinates and supervises the work of the
facilitators and administers the programme.
21
CONTD..

 Facilitator: He may be a senior supervisory officer. He

co-ordinates the works of several quality circles through
the Circle leaders.
 Leader: Leaders may be from lowest level workers or
Supervisors. A Circle leader organizes and conducts Circle
activities.
 Members: They may be staff workers. Without circle
members the programme cannot exist. They are the
lifeblood of quality circles. They should attend all
meetings as far as possible, offer suggestions and ideas,
participate actively in group process, take training
seriously with a receptive attitude. The roles of Steering
Committee, Co-ordinator, Facilitator, Circle leader and
Circle members are well defined.
22 THE IMPACT OF QUALITY CIRCLE

 Improvement of human relations and workplace morale

 Promotion of work culture
 Enhancement of job interest
 Effective team work
 Reducing defects and improving quality
 Improvement of productivity
 Enhancing problem solving capacity
 Improving communication & interaction
 Catalyzing attitude change
 Promotion of personal & leadership development
23
ACHIEVEMENTS

 As a member of the committee for the Deming Prize,

Ishikawa developed the rigorous audit system that
determines whether companies qualify for the prize.
 As chairman of the quality control National
Conference Committee for over 30 years, Ishikawa
played a central role in expanding scope of these
conferences.
 Served as chairman of the editorial board of the
monthly Statistical Quality Control and the quarterly
Reports of Statistical Applications Research.
24

 As Chairman of Japan’s Quality Month

committee, he was involved in the selection
of Japan’s Quality Mark and Quality Flag.
 Continuous involvement in the Japanese and
International Standardization activities since
the beginning of 1950s.
 In his Shewhart Medal Acceptance speech,
Ishikawa called standardization and quality
control “two wheels of the same cart.”
25
RECOGNITION

 ASQ (American Society for Quality)

established the Ishikawa medal in 1993 to
recognize the leadership in human side of
quality.
 The medal is awarded annually in honor of
Ishikawa, to an individual or a team for
outstanding leadership in improving the
human aspects of quality.
26
BOOKS AUTHORED

 1980: QC Circle Koryo: General Principles of

the QC Circle
 1985: How to Operate QC circle Activities
 1985: What is Total Quality Control? The
Japanese Way
 1990: Introduction to Quality Control.
J.H.Loftus (trans.)
27
AWARDS AND
RECOGNITION

 1972: American Society for Quality’s Eugene L. Grant

Award
 1977: Blue Ribbon Medal by the Japanese
Government for achievements in industrial
standardization
 1988: Walter A. Shewhart Medal
 1988: awarded the Order of the Sacred Treasures,
second class, by Japanese Governement
 Nihon Keizai Press Prize
 Industrial Standardization Prize
28
REFERENCES

 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaoru_Ishikawa
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ishikawa_diagram
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quality_Circles
 http://asq.org/about-asq/who-we-
are/bio_ishikawa.html
 http://quality.dlsu.edu.ph/chronicles/ishikawa.html
 http://www.skymark.com/resources/leaders/ishikawa.as
p
 http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newTMC_03.h
tm
29