DIRECTIONAL

CONTROL VALVES

BY:-
KUSH MIDHA
OMKAR SINGH KUSHWAHA
SHIVNARESH SINGH
 INTRODUCTION
• Directional control valves (DCVs) are one of the most fundamental parts of
hydraulic and pneumatic systems. DCVs allow fluid flow (hydraulic oil,
water or air) into different paths from one or more sources.
• DCVs will usually consist of a spool inside a cylinder which is mechanically
or electrically actuated
• The position of the spool restricts or permits flow, thus it controls the fluid
flow.
 CLASSIFICATION
OF DIRECTIONAL CONTROL
VALVES
• Directional control valves can be classified according to:-
1) Number of ports
2) Number of positions
3) Actuating methods
4) Type of spool.
1) Number of ports
A 5/2 directional control valve would have five ports and two spool positions.
Ports that will be counted shall be external ports only.
2) Number of Positions
Including the normal and working positions which a valve spool can take there
are types like two position, three position and proportional valve.
3) Actuating Methods
It includes manual, electrical, pneumatic, and hydraulic operated .
• Manually Operated
Manually operated valves work with simple levers or paddles where the operator applies force to
operate the valve. Spring force is sometimes used to recover the position of valve.
• Mechanically Operated
Mechanically operated valves apply forces by using cams, wheels, rollers, etc., hence these valves
are subjected to wear.
 WORKING PRINCIPLE OF DCV’S
• Two-way Valves
A 2-way directional valve has two ports normally called inlet and
outlet. When the inlet is blocked in the at-rest condition. Two-way
valves are also simple two positions ON/OFF valves but actuated
by actuators such as solenoid actuators, hydraulic actuators etc.
There is normally closed and normally opened two-way valves,
external actuation is needed to do the position change of the valve
actuator.
A flow path is established or closed when the actuator is moved.
These valves are also called as on-off valves.
 WORKING PRINCIPLE OF DCV’S
• Three-way valves
These valves have three nodes that’s why named three-way
valve and three-way valves allows two positions of
actuation in ON condition.
A three-way valve has two plug actuators each plug
controls the flow in two different ways. The two plug
positions are shown in the above figure. When one of the
plugs closes a node other one opens the other node.
This normally closed valve neutralize the position of the
actuator closing both the node to close the valve.
Three-way directional valves are available for manual,
mechanical, pilot, solenoid actuation.
 WORKING PRINCIPLE OF DCV’S
• Four-way Valve
Four-way valve or three position valves which got three
working positions for the actuators to control the flow
direction.

These valves are generally used to operate cylinders and

fluid motors in both directions hydraulically.
These valves are available with a choice of actuation,
manual, mechanical, solenoid, pilot & pneumatic. Four-
way valve comes with two or three positions. One should
note that the graphical symbol of the valve shows only
one tank port even though the physical design may have
two as it is only concerned with the function.
 APPLICATIONS OF DCV’S
• Directional Control Valves are applied in each area where hydraulic
control and actuation tasks occur.
• Control of automated clutch actuations in hybrid drives.
• In the automotive area supply, control and regulating of actuations
for automated manual transmissions, double clutch transmissions,
continuous variable automatic transmissions or automatic
transmissions.
THANK YOU