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PRESENTATION
Oscilloscope
SUBMITTED BY:

Tarannum mithila
Id : 111015001
Department of ete
 DEFINITION
 An electronic instrument that produces an
instantaneous trace on the screen of a
cathode-ray tube corresponding to
oscillations of voltage and current
 HISTORY & INVENTION
 The Braun tube was known in 1897, and in
1899 Jonathan Zenneck equipped it with beam-
forming plates and a magnetic field for
sweeping the trace. Early cathode ray tubes had
been applied experimentally to laboratory
measurements as early as the 1920s, but
suffered from poor stability of the vacuum and
the cathode emitters.
INVENTOR

• When did the oscilloscope

invented?
1897
• Who invented the cathode ray
oscilloscope?
Karl Ferdinand Braun in 1897
 TYPES AND MODELS
 Cathode-ray oscilloscope (CRO)
 Dual-beam oscilloscope
 Analog storage oscilloscope
 Digital oscilloscopes
 Mixed-signal oscilloscopes
 Mixed-domain oscilloscopes
 Handheld oscilloscopes
 PC-based oscilloscopes (PCO)
CATHODE-RAY OSCILLOSCOPE
(CRO)
 Example of an analog oscilloscope lissajous
figure, showing a harmonic relationship of 1
horizontal oscillation cycle to 3 vertical
oscillation cycles.
 DUAL-BEAM OSCILLOSCOPE

 The dual-beam analog oscilloscope can

display two signals simultaneously. A
special dual-beam CRT generates and
deflects two separate beams.
 ANALOG STORAGE
OSCILLOSCOPE
 Trace storage is an extra feature available
on some analog scopes; they used direct-
view storage CRTs. Storage allows the
trace pattern that normally decays in a
fraction of a second to remain on the
screen for several minutes or longer. An
electrical circuit can then be deliberately
activated to store and erase the trace on
the screen.
 DIGITAL OSCILLOSCOPES

 While analog devices make use of

continually varying voltages, digital
devices employ binary numbers which
correspond to samples of the voltage. In
the case of digital oscilloscopes, an
analog-to-digital converter (ADC) is used
to change the measured voltages into
digital information.
 MIXED-SIGNAL
OSCILLOSCOPES
 A mixed-signal oscilloscope (or MSO)
has two kinds of inputs, a small number
(typically two or four) of analog
channels, and a larger number (typically
sixteen) of digital channels.
 MIXED-DOMAIN
OSCILLOSCOPES
 A mixed-domain oscilloscope (or MDO) has
three kinds of inputs, a small number (typically
two or four) analog channels, a larger number
(typically sixteen) digital channels, and one RF
channel. It provides the ability to accurately
time-correlate analog, digital, and RF signals
with each other, and allows the user to see how
the RF spectrum changes over time.
 HANDHELD OSCILLOSCOPES

 Handheld oscilloscopes (also called

scopemeters) are useful for many test and field
service applications. Today, a hand held
oscilloscope is usually a digital sampling
oscilloscope, using a liquid crystal display.
 PC-BASED OSCILLOSCOPES
(PCO)
 A new type of "oscilloscope" is emerging
that consists of a specialized signal
acquisition board (which can be an
external USB or Parallel port device, or
an internal add-on PCI or ISA card).
SOME PICTURE OF OSCILLOSCOPE
SOME SIGNALS OF OSCILLOSCOPE
ray tube for use in an oscilloscope. Numbers in the picture indicate: 1. Deflection voltage electrode; 2. Electron gun; 3. Electron beam; 4. Focusing coi

INTERIOR OF A CATHOD -RAY TUBE

Illustration showing the interior

of a cathode-ray tube for use in an
oscilloscope. Numbers in the
picture indicate: 1. Deflection
voltage electrode; 2. Electron gun;
3. Electron beam; 4. Focusing coil;
5. Phosphor-coated inner side of
the screen
OSCILLOSCOPE PROBE
 HOW DO YOU USE AN
OSCILLOSCOPE?
 Plug it in.  That's not facetious.
 Turn it on.  There is a push button at the lower right edge of the
screen.  It says "Line" and indicates a "0" and a "1" setting.  Depress
that button.
 Apply a signal to the input terminals.
 Your oscilloscope may have provision for more than one signal input. 
Choose Channel 1 if that is the case.
 Make sure that the settings match the signal.  For example:
 If you have a signal at 1000 Hz, then the period of the signal is 1 millisecond
(.001 sec) and you would not want the time scale set so that you only display
a microsecond of data, and you also probably won't see much if you display
10 seconds worth of data.
 If you have a signal that is 10 millivolts high, you won't see much if you set
the oscilloscope to shown you a signal at 20 volts full-scale.  Conversely, you
won't see much of a 20 volt signal if the scope is set for 10 millivolts full-
scale.
EXAMPLES OF USE
Lissajous figures on an oscilloscope, with 90
degrees phase difference between x and y
inputs.

One of the most frequent uses of scopes is

troubleshooting malfunctioning electronic
equipment. One of the advantages of a
scope is that it can graphically show
signals: where a voltmeter may show a
totally unexpected voltage, a scope may
reveal that the circuit is oscillating. In
other cases the precise shape or timing of a
pulse is important.
THANK YOU