EFFEKTIVE SHORT-TERM PLANNING

FOR OPEN CUT COAL MINING

PT KALTIM PRIMA COAL

Zulfikar Rahman Sagala

Nov 2010
 Short Term Planning

Period
 Monthly, Weekly, Daily

Characteristic
 Front lead operation
 Combine paper work & sense of field orientation
 Main Cost controll
 Short Term Planning

HOW TO ACHIEVE PRODUCTION TARGET

WITH PRODUCTIVE & EFFICIENT
EQUIPMENT, PREDICTED OUTPUT WITH
LOWEST COST ?
 Planning Steps
Broad Brush

Strategic Planning

Detail Long Term Planning (5 Years)

Short Term Planning (monthly ->18 months)

8 weeks Rolling Planning (general stage plan)

Weekly Planning (detail stage plan)

Need planning that workable

HOW TO PRODUCE
A WORKABLE PLAN?
• PROCESS
• SKILL REQUIREMENT
 PROCESS
1. Pit Design
Wall Design; overall slope, single slope bench, geotechnical assessment,
safety factor, BOW

Road Design; cross fall, super elevation, grade control, material density 
mechanical & tire awareness, cycle time

Water Management; elevation control, contour drainage, catchments area,

sump  where the mud & water must go, start up after rain

Working Space Room; 3D volume, coal dip, width of interburden 

productivity, tire awareness

Sequencing Methods  Mining Blocks, number of benches

Access into Room has to be integrated geology data (strike, dip)
 PROCESS
2. Geology Data
Exploration drill holes detailed by benches, test drill (wash out area, etc), cross
section, coal recovery (don’t to much derty coal)

3. Select Optimum Equipment

Narrow loading point against wall (backhoe), Multiple coal seams, Trucks type
(size, electric/diesel, etc)

4. Safety and Support Design

Design of intersection, safety berm, Shift Change (hot seat change), meal & pray),
lay down, park area, fuel station, service pad

5. Team Work
Close work ; Short Term Engineers, Geologist, & Blasting Engineers
Drill & Blast section must know water management, cross section, wall design,
productivity, sequence, Geology data

6. Pegs Control in Field

Planner must ensure that pegs control can be followed by operation
SKILL REQUIREMENT
 Planners 4D views

 Forward Planning

 Planners Develop Options to see in the future

 Environmental Commitment

 Field Experience
Planners 4D Views
 4-D Views
X,Y,Z are explain about room dimension
T is explain about time (volume calculation, other variable such as
coal mining, drill blast, geology/geotechnical and water management)
 Working Space
Bench 1

F
R OO
E AM
ALS
CO
Z

X
WORKING SPACE BENCH HEIGHT
R996 Shovel = 60 meter R996 Shovel = 8-12 meter
R996 Backhoe = 35 meter R996 Backhoe = 3- 5 meter
Material Type vs Working Space
 Equipment Choosen
EQUIPMENT TYPE MOSTLY DETERMINED BY
GEOLOGICAL FACTOR, MATERIAL TYPE AND
PRODUCTION TARGET
BACKHOE need 35 meter minimum of working space, bench
height 3-5 meter, can directly for wall treatment, dig material
underneath face, sump construction and coal exposed without
dozer
SHOVEL need 60 meter minimum of working space, bench
height 8-12 meter, dig material in front of face.
In other case shovel can be very effective to remove mud in pit

Digging technical: bench loading, drop cutting, top loading

To determine working space

COAL ROOF

TOE of COAL
Normal Bench for Shovel
Low Bench for Shovel
Equipment type support to material
Prepare Cross Section
 Identify detil Pit design
 Identify coal thickness
 Identify interburden
 Identify critical area;
river, void, coal washout area,
burnt zone, etc
Forward Planning
Circular Process
 “ADS” management

 Drill & Blast technique

 Heavy Equipment choosen

(PA, Usage, Prod, MF)

 Loading point and dump

disposal management (CT, tyre
awareness, fuel awareness)

 Blue print for mining

sequence (stage plan)
 Geology & Geotechnical
Grid Model
Elevation contour of coal to determine seam bedding,
structure and quantity (insitu) and allocated equipment
Pit & Dump Design
To determine whether “geological structure” in pit and
geotechnical application in dump progress
Cross Section
To determine working space, equipment type, water
management
Wall Design
Always maintain pit wall equal to design prior to geotechnical
aspect and reserve
Grid Model
Geological Structure
To determine equipment type according to actual
Wall design prior to structure
 Drilling and Blasting
• Drill & Blast is the first step for pit operation  critical point

• Regular block strip according to seam strike, pit design, mining front

• Reduce blasting frequency to increase shovel & truck usage

• Update geology data & structure could be acknowledged from drill hole

• Always nice to see the shovel get the optimum productivity

with good fragmentation blast result
 Regular block strip boundary
• Regular block strip boundary will reduce blasting frequency according to shovel
movement
Identify additional geology data
through drill-blast holes

Top of Coal
Good Fragmentation = Productive
 Water Management

• Drainage is one key of successful of pit operation

• Type of drainage in pit example
1. Main Sump
2. Temporary Sump
3. Intermediate Sump
4. Contour Drain
Drainage
 Type of Sump

Intermediate Sump

Temporary Sump
 Haul Road

• Cycle time is most contributed cost for pit operation

• Haul road is one of key to maintain cycle time
• Haul road width is 3,5x width of biggest truck in each pit
• Maximum grade in mining is 8%
• Cross fall has to be provided to allow water flow fluently and keep the road
always in good standard condition
• Haul road can support 3-4 number of loading point in each panel
• If possible, minimize number of junction in main haul road
Haul Road
 Sequence

• Sequence could be determined as regular shovel movement inline with drill

blast, coal mining, haul road and sump
• Keep benching in each +/- 200m to maintain water management, drill pad,
coal mining and reduce shovel relocation
• Always move from high wall then low wall to keep access, water
management, working room of shovel and coal flow
• Bench in pit is slope slightly than dip of coal seam to maintain coal flow

COMMITMENT BETWEEN OPERATION AND TECHNICAL WILL CREATE A BEAUTIFUL MINE

 Good Sequence

Sequence and Bench are slope slightly than dip of coal seam
Familiarize Discuss with
Production people Develop Analyze
Geological
to obtain more Options Options
Model & Pit ideas &
Design involvement
Identify critical
Issues & develop
solutions

Select Best Options

Peer & Vertical Review

PRESENT

Further Input Y

Implement, Monitoring & Control

• Planning software is a tool. Planners must have mine planning
knowledge
• Skills of planners is critical to produce a workable plan
• Commitment of management is required to answers the challenges
in having effective short term plans
THANK YOU