DIFFERENT TYPES OF

GAS TURBINE POWER PLANT

Presented by:
Anuj Tripathi(CHE/17/10)
What is Gas Turbine?
 A gas turbine is a combustion engine that can convert natural gas
or other liquid fuels to mechanical energy. This energy then
drives a generator that produces electrical energy. It is electrical
energy that moves along power lines to homes and businesses.
 The gas turbine is the engine at the heart of the power plant that
produces electric current.
 Gas turbines burn fuels such as oil, nature gas and pulverized
coal.
 Due to better material being made available and with the use of
blade cooling, the inlet gas temperature can exceed upto 12000C
Different parts of Gas Turbine:
A simple gas turbine consists of
 Turbine
 A compressor mounted on the same shaft
 A combustor
 Auxiliaries such as starring device, lubrication pump, fuel system,oil
system etc.

The air standard cycle of Gas Turbine plant is Brayton cycle.

Working principle :

1) Air is compressed(squeezed) to high pressure by compressor.

2) Then fuel and compressed air are mixed in a combustion chamber
and ignited.
3) Hot gases are given off, which spin the turbine wheels.
4) Spinning blades turn the drive shaft.
5) Turbine rotation powers the generator.
6) Generator magnet causes electrons to move and creates electricity.
Types of gas turbine power plants
These are further classified mainly into two categories :
1) Open cycle gas turbine power plant
2) Closed cycle gas turbine power plant

In open cycle gas turbine power plant the combustion products after
doing work in the turbine are exhausted to the atmosphere.
Whereas in case of closed cycle gas turbine power plant the working
fluid is externally heated and cooled and it operated in a closed cycle.
1) Open cycle gas turbine power plant :
Fuel

Combustion Chamber

3
2

wnet
Compressor Turbine

Exhaust gases
Fresh air 4
1

Fig 1: An open cycle gas turbine engine.

P-v and T-s diagrams of Brayton cycle :

 1-2 Isentropic compression;(No change in entropy)

 2-3 Constant-pressure heat addition;
 3-4 Isentropic expansion;
 4-1 Constant-pressure heat rejection.
Methods of improvement of thermal efficiency of open cycle gas
turbine plant :

1. Regeneration
2. Reheating
3. Intercooling
1) Closed cycle gas turbine power plant :
qin
Fuel

Heat Exchanger

2 3

wnet
Compressor Turbine

4
1
Exhaust gases
Fresh air Heat Exchanger

qout
Fig 1: An closed cycle gas turbine engine.
 The compression and expansion processes remain the same, but
the combustion process is replaced by a constant-pressure heat
addition process from an external source.
 The exhaust process is replaced by a constant pressure heat
rejection process to the ambient air.
Merits and demerits of closed loop cycle
turbine over open loop cycle turbine:
Merits Demerit

 Higher thermal efficiency  Complexity

 Reduced size
 No contamination
 Improved heat transmission
 Lesser Fluid friction
 No loss in working medium
 Greater output
 Inexpensive fuel.
 Large amount of cooling water
is required.
 Dependent System
 Not economical for moving
vehicles as weight /kW
developed is high.
 Requires the use of very large
air heater.