Course: Fundamentals of Agricultural Extension Education

Satwik bisarya,
AKSU, SATNA
 Leader is a person who has been
spontaneously considered, or chosen, as
being influential in a specific situations.

 Leaders are persons who are selected by

the people because of their special interest
or fitness to work on some phase of the
local programme. (J.S. Garg).
 According to Linderman, ‘a leader is an
individual whose relations, judgments and
feelings are accepted (responded to) by
the group, as the bases of belief and
action.’


A leader is one who helps the members
of the group, as an individual he accepts
the responsibility for thinking through
problems and working out solutions that
need to be discovered. (Paul Pigor).
 Leadership may be described as the
interaction between leaders and followers
in a particular situation.

 In the view of Allport, ‘leadership

according to our present usage means the
direct, face-to-face contact between
leader and followers; it is personal social
control.’
 Is the process of influencing the behavior
of the individual in a given situation or
situations.

 Leadership is the phenomenon of

influencing, guiding and directing the
actions thought of people in the
and
intended direction.
 He represents the whole group.
 He speaks on behalf of the group.
 He co-ordinates the groups activities.
 He helps the group in sorting out the plans
for achieving the goals.
 He is responsible for the evaluation of the
progress of group.
 The behaviour of the leader and the
relationship of the leader with people may
differ from situation to situation.
 Interpersonal skills – the ability to interact with others
in a positive way.

 Self-management – the ability to prioritize and complete

tasks and deliver them within an allotted time; the
ability to control oneself under stress.

 Influencing others – the ability to personally affect

other’s actions, decisions, opinions or thinking.

 Goal achievement – the overall ability to set, pursue and

attain achievable personal, professional and team goals
regardless of obstacles or circumstances.
 Emotional stability. Good leaders must be able
to tolerate frustration and stress. Overall, they
must be well-adjusted and have the
psychological maturity to deal with anything
they are required to face.

 Dominance. Leaders are often times

and decisive usually
competitive and
obstacles. Overall, they enjoy
assertive in their thinking style as well as their
are
attitude
overcoming
in dealing with others.
 Enthusiasm. Leaders are usually seen as
active, expressive, and energetic. They are
often very optimistic and open to change.
Overall, they are generally quick and alert.

 Conscientiousness. Leaders are often

dominated by a sense of duty and tend to be
very exacting in character. They usually have a
very high standard of excellence and an
inward desire to do one's best. They also have
a need for order and tend to be very self-
disciplined.
 Social boldness. Leaders tend to be
spontaneous risk-takers. Overall, they are
responsive to others and tend to be high in
emotional stamina.

 Tough-mindedness. Good leaders are

practical, logical, and to-the-point. They
tend to be low in sentimental attachments
and comfortable with criticism. They are
usually insensitive to hardship and overall,
are very poised.
 Self-assurance. Self-confidence and resiliency are
common traits among leaders. They tend to be free of
guilt and have little or no need for approval. They are
generally secure and free from guilt and are usually
unaffected by prior mistakes or failures.

 Compulsiveness. Leaders were found to be controlled

and very precise in their social interactions. Overall,
they were very protective of their integrity and
reputation and consequently tended to be socially
aware and careful, abundant in foresight, and very
careful when making decisions or determining specific
actions.
 Sociometric Method: Ask system members
to whom they go for advice and
information about an idea.
 Valid method as it measure the perceptions
of followers.
 Eg: Who are the three other women in this
village with whom you have discussed
family planning method?
 Sociomethric questions are easy to
administer and adaptable to different type
of settings and issue.
 In this method, three or four judges
are appointed to nominate the
persons suitable to act as leaders for l te ac hers,
hoo
a particular activity. The names (e.g) sc s religious
obtained in this way are sorted out official a v illage
s, i n
by frequency mentioned, and those person to a c t as
d
of high frequency are accepted as be aske es.
judg
possible selectees. Only those
persons with good reputation,

Informants’
 Rating: Who are
knowledgeable especially
about system. the networks in a
 Accurate method.
 When system is small.
 A cost saving method as compare to socio-
metric method.
 Who are leaders in this system?
Self Designating technique: Ask each
respondents a series of questions to
determine the degree to which he perceive
himself to be an opinion leader.
 Do you think people come to you for
information or advice more often than to
others?
 Are you a leader in this system?
 Measures the individual's perceptions of his
opinion leadership, which influence his
behaviour.
 Observation: which an investigator
In
identifies and record the
communication behaviour in a system.
 High degree of validity.
 Work best in a very small system and may
require much patience by observer.
 Early adopters are localities and are more
integrated part of community.
 They have more opinion leadership.
 Potential adopters look to them for advice
and information about the innovation.
 They try to maintain adoption
leadership to keep up their prestige in the
community.
Thanks