Professional Documents
Culture Documents
HISTORY MODULE
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C O P Y R I G H T © 2 0 1 6 P E A R S O N E D U C AT I O N , I N C .
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1. Describe some early management examples.
2. Explain the various theories in the classical approach.
3. Discuss the development and uses of the behavioral
approach.
4. Describe the quantitative approach.
5. Explain the various theories in the contemporary approach.
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EARLY MANAGEMENT
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EARLY MANAGEMENT
• Adam Smith The Wealth of Nations in 1776
– Division of labor (job specialization) – the
breakdown of jobs into narrow and repetitive
tasks.
• Industrial Revolution
– Substituted machine power for human labor
– Created large organizations in need of
management
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EXHIBIT MH-1
MAJOR APPROACHES TO MANAGEMENT
C O P Y R I G H T © 2 0 1 6 P E A R S O N E D U C AT I O N ,
INC. 1a - 5
CLASSICAL APPROACH
C O P Y R I G H T © 2 0 1 6 P E A R S O N E D U C AT I O N , I N C . 1a - 6
SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT
C O P Y R I G H T © 2 0 1 6 P E A R S O N E D U C AT I O N , I N C . 1a - 7
GENERAL ADMINISTRATIVE
THEORY
• General administrative theory – an
approach to management that focuses on
describing what managers do and what
constitutes good management practice.
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C O P Y R I G H T © 2 0 1 6 P E A R S O N E D U C AT I O N , I N C .
HENRI FAYOL
• Principles of
management –
Fundamental rules of
management that could be
applied in all organizational
situations and taught in
schools.
C O P Y R I G H T © 2 0 1 6 P E A R S O N E D U C AT I O N ,
INC. 1a - 9
EXHIBIT MH-3
FAYOL’S 14 PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT
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C O P Y R I G H T © 2 0 1 6 P E A R S O N E D U C AT I O N , I N C .
EXHIBIT MH-3
FAYOL’S 14 PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT
(CONT.)
C O P Y R I G H T © 2 0 1 6 P E A R S O N E D U C AT I O N , I N C . 1a - 11
GENERAL ADMINISTRATIVE THEORY
• Bureaucracy –
a form of organization
characterized by division of
labor, a clearly defined
hierarchy, detailed rules and
regulations, and impersonal
relationships.
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C O P Y R I G H T © 2 0 1 6 P E A R S O N E D U C AT I O N , I N C .
EXHIBIT MH-4
CHARACTERISTICS OF WEBER’S BUREAUCRACY
C O P Y R I G H T © 2 0 1 6 P E A R S O N E D U C AT I O N , I N C . 1a - 13
BEHAVIORAL APPROACH
C O P Y R I G H T © 2 0 1 6 P E A R S O N E D U C AT I O N , I N C . 1a - 14
EXHIBIT MH-5
EARLY OB ADVOCATES
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THE HAWTHORNE STUDIES
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THE QUANTITATIVE APPROACH
• Quantitative
approach – the use
of quantitative
techniques to
improve decision
making.
C O P Y R I G H T © 2 0 1 6 P E A R S O N E D U C AT I O N ,
INC. 1a - 17
TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT (TQM)
• Total quality
management (TQM) –
a philosophy of
management that is driven
by continuous improvement
and responsiveness to
customer needs and
expectations.
C O P Y R I G H T © 2 0 1 6 P E A R S O N E D U C AT I O N , I N C . 1a - 18
EXHIBIT MH-6
WHAT IS QUALITY MANAGEMENT?
C O P Y R I G H T © 2 0 1 6 P E A R S O N E D U C AT I O N , I N C . 1a - 19
CONTEMPORARY APPROACHES
C O P Y R I G H T © 2 0 1 6 P E A R S O N E D U C AT I O N , I N C . 1a - 20
EXHIBIT MH-7
ORGANIZATION AS AN OPEN SYSTEM
C O P Y R I G H T © 2 0 1 6 P E A R S O N E D U C AT I O N , I N C . 1a - 21
THE CONTINGENCY APPROACH
C O P Y R I G H T © 2 0 1 6 P E A R S O N E D U C AT I O N ,
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EXHIBIT MH-8
POPULAR CONTINGENCY VARIABLES
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REVIEW LEARNING OBJECTIVE MH-1
C O P Y R I G H T © 2 0 1 6 P E A R S O N E D U C AT I O N , I N C . 1a - 24
REVIEW LEARNING OBJECTIVE MH-2
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REVIEW LEARNING OBJECTIVE MH-2
(CONT.)
• Fayol developed 14 principles of
management.
• Weber described an ideal type of
organization he called a bureaucracy.
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REVIEW LEARNING OBJECTIVE MH-3
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REVIEW LEARNING OBJECTIVE MH-4
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REVIEW LEARNING OBJECTIVE MH-5
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