THE UNIVERSITY OF DODOMA

SCHOOL OF MINES AND PETROLEUM ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT OF MINING AND MINERAL PROCESSING

PROJECT PRESENTATION

STUDENT NAME: FENTA, GRACE

REG. NUMBER: T/UDOM/2013/06004
YEAR OF STUDY: FOURTH YEAR
PROGRAMME: Bsc. MINING ENGINEERING
SUPERVISOR: MR. JOHN RUGARABAMU
 PROJECT TITLE

IDENTIFICATION AND QUANTIFICATION OF THE VENTILATION

REQUIREMENTS FOR STAR AND COMET CUT 2 AND 3
UNDERGROUND PROJECT AT GEITA GOLD MINE.
 PROBLEM STATEMENT

• Ventilation in underground mine demands a high attention

• Star and comet is a new underground project
• Recently - No any study or research.
• Installation is based on experience
• No ventilation department or engineer.
• A poor working environment especially at dead-ends.
• Decrease the performance of the machines.
• Poor(delay) in production and fatality (deaths) as they advance.
• This project will help to determine the ventilation requirements
and all the ventilation accessories needed in order to work at
standard and safe underground environments.
 OBJECTIVES
MAIN OBJECTIVE
To identify and quantify the
ventilation requirements
which will be required to
accomplish the
underground project
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE
To access the existing
underground design in relation
to ventilation.
To determine the requirements
and quantity of the ventilation
accessories needed.
To establish the ventilation
system which will suit the
working environment.
 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
• Based only on cut number 2 and 3 and will not touch any
other cut.
• Not concentrate on the cost analysis for ventilation
requirements and accessories.
 Methods-data collection….
LIFE OF THE MINE FORECAST(LOM)
According to the Star and Comet forecast physicals – development meters,
development tonnes and stoping tonnes for (Feb,2016-Oct,2018) up to mine
closure.

SC FORECAST Development Back fill tonnes Total tonnes

PHYSICALS tonnes Stope tonnes

Total forecast 985,928 1,229,663 476,783 2,692,374

tonnes

Total development meters = 13,969 m

 
 Methods-data collection…….
Equipment allocated for the forecasted physicals for 2016-2018 with their
corresponding amount of air required for removing noxious, toxic gases and heat
generated.
Consider that its 100% utilized.
Required volumetric flow rate based on diesel engine power is 0.06 m3/s per kW
Australian standard, then the quantity required will be;
e.g; QTRUCK = 0.06 x 600 = 36 x 6 = 216 m3/s
Specifications Number Engine Power (kW) Amount of air consumed (m3/s)

Truck 6 600 216

Bogger/Scoop 5 380 114

Jumbo Sandvik DD421-60 2 180 21.60

Drills(longhole drill-Solo) 3 4.50 0.81

Light vehicle 25 150 225

Diamond drilling rig 5 90 27

Grader 4004 1 133 7.98

TOTAL 47   612.39
 Methods-data collection……
Current set up
Diesel fleet that are currently operating and their specific volumetric flow rate
based on engine power which is 0.06 m3/s per kW Australian standard and the
volumetric flow rate based on the average availability and utilization for the
machines/equipment;
e.g; QTRUCK= 0.06 x 600 = 36 x 3 = 108 m3/s
For the current Number Engine Total engine Amount of Average Average Quantity
situation Power power(kW) air Availability Utilization (m3/s)
(kW) consumed % %
(m3/s)

Truck 3 600 1,800 108 96.50 43.50 46.98

Bogger/Scoop 2 380 760 45.60 72.30 50 22.80
Jumbo Sandvik 2 180 360 21.60 82.50 66 14.26
DD421-60
Drills(longhole 2 4.50 9 0.54 74.50 18 0.1
drill-Solo)
Light vehicle 13 150 1,950 117 90 85 99.45
Diamond drilling 5 90 450 27 85 60 16.2
rig
Grader 4004 1 133 133 7.98 99 20 1.60
TOTAL 28   5,462 327.72 85.70 48.90 201.39
 Methods-data collection….
Direct measurement in the field
Air quantity measurement was done to determine the quantity of air which is
supplied underground by the fans for CUT 2 and CUT 3. Another measurement
was done on inactive, exploration and few active headings to determine air
quantity.
Instrument
A vane anemometer attached to the measuring rod was used to obtain velocity
measurement with the aid of stopwatch.
The quantity of air passing through any airway per second, Q is generally given by
the expression;
Q = A x V (m3/s)
Where, V = Velocity passing through that point (m/s)
A= Area (m2)
 Methods-data collection…….
Capacity of the fans 564 m3/s
The volume of air going in for CUT 2 and CUT 3=350m3/s
Whereby; For CUT 2 is 200 m3/s and for CUT 3 is 150 m3/s
For inactive heading the following measurements were obtained;

S/N LEVEL Quantity of air measured Velocity Area

(m3/s) m/s m2

1 C3 1280 old exploration drilling 7.60 0.23 33

site
2 C3 1276 Reef-drive 12.2 0.60 20.25

3 C2 1275 Ore-drive 16.2 0.80 20.25

4 C2 1250 Reef-drive 4.86 0.24 20.25

5 C2 1250 Ore-drive 2.23 0.11 20.25

6 C2 1225 Reef-drive 17.42 0.86 20.25

7 C2 1215 Ore-drive North 5.67 0.28 20.25

8 C2 1200 Ore-drive 2.23 0.11 20.25

9 C2 1185 RAD 6.75 0.27 25

Results of direct measurement……..
CURRENT SITUATION
• The results shows that the amount of air required for the current available
number of equipment is 327.72m3/s and the amount of air with the available
actual utilization is 201.39m3/s.
• Therefore the quantity of air supplied underground by the fans 350m3/s
(regulated) is enough based on the number of fleet that are currently operating
but as they advance downward there will be addition of more number of
equipment which will require more air compared to the current situation.
LIFE OF MINE
• Also it shows that the capacity of the fans used by the company can supply up to
564m3/s for the life of mine until closure but the required quantity of air based
on the number of fleet for the whole mine life is 612.39m3/s therefore that
amount is not enough to run the operations until closure of the mine. Therefore
there is a need of installing another fan in order to avoid a problem of air
shortage as the mine progress.
PRODUCTIVITY
• Utilization of diesel machines tends to affect production, currently the average
utilization for the truck and bogger is very low which affect production set and
this is caused by the amount of air which supplied by the company. Therefore;
• Assuming other equipment’s utilization to be 100% and conducting a sensitivity
analysis on truck and boogers utilization to see what utilization figures should be
used to avoid exceeding the ventilation set up for the LOM. This is because
bogger and truck are the most machines that consumes a high amount of air
underground as compared to other machines.
•  Methods-data analysis……
SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS
• Assuming other equipment’s utilization to be 100% and conducting a sensitivity
analysis on truck and booger utilization to see what utilization figures should be
used to avoid exceeding the ventilation set up for the LOM. This is because
bogger and truck are the most machines which consumes a high amount of air
underground as compared to other machines.
• Based on the following established relation for 564m3/s and 612.39m3/s ;

………………….(ii)
 Methods-data analysis……
SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS OF THE DATA
QT100% T BO QB QTOTAL Qm Q TOTAL
Qmax QT QB100%
UTL
100%
LOM UTL UT require UTL % required T&B
  UTL
L% d
 
564 216 10 21.6 114 11 13.1 34.7 283 317.70
564 216 20 43.2 114 23 26.2 69.4 283 352.41
564 216 30 64.8 114 34 39.3 104.1 283 387.11
564 216 40 86.4 114 46 52.4 138.8 283 421.81
564 216 50 108 114 57 65.5 173.5 283 456.52
564 216 60 129.6 114 69 78.6 208.2 283 491.22
564 216 70 151.2 114 80 91.7 242.9 283 525.92
564 216 80 172.8 114 92 104.8 277.6 283 560.63
564 216 90 194.4 114 103 117.9 312.3 283 595.33
564 216 100 216 114 115 131.0 347.0 283 630.03
• Sensitivity analysis on truck and bogger based on 612.39m3/s for the LOM

Truck utilization Bogger utilization Total Qm3/s Optimum value

% % Qm3/s
 

10 11 317.70 595

20 23 352.41 595

30 34 387.11 595

40 46 421.81 595

50 57 456.52 595

60 69 491.22 595

70 80 525.92 595

80 92 560.63 595

90 103 595.33 595

100 115 630.03 595

• Graph 1: Shows Q for other machines with 100% utilization

Quantity of air against utilization

700.00

600.00

500.00
Quantity of air(m3/s)

400.00

300.00

200.00

100.00

-
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Total Q Linear (Total Q) optium value

• Sensitivity analysis based on truck and bogger for 564m3/s

Truck utilization Bogger utilization Total Qm3/s Optimum value

% % Qm3/s
 

10 11 317.70 525

20 23 352.41 525

30 34 387.11 525

40 46 421.81 525

50 57 456.52 525

60 69 491.22 525

70 80 525.92 525

80 92 560.63 525

90 103 595.33 525

100 115 630.03 525

 Methods-data analysis…….

Graph 2: Shows Q for other machines with 100% utilization

Quantity of air against utilization

700.00

600.00

500.00
Quantity of air (m3/s)

400.00

300.00

200.00

100.00

-
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Total Q Linear (Total Q) optimum value with 7% leakage allowance

• For the current design quantity 564m3/s, the company can operate at
utilization figure of 69% for the bogger/scoop and 60% for the truck.
But after installing another fan for 612.39m3/s the company can
operate at utilization figure of 92% for bogger and 80% for truck which
is very high as compared to the current utilization and which will lead
to high production.
 Ventilation requirements……..
C3 1276 LEVEL

C3 1276 LEVEL METERS VENT DUCT SIZE T-PIECE Y- SECONDARY

1400mm 1220mm PIECE FAN

20m 10m 5m 20m 10m 5m

DEC 175 8 1 1 - - - - - 1
RAD 39 - - - - 1 1 - - -
VRA 12 - - - - - 1 1 - -
SP 22 - - - - 1 - 1 - -
X-cut 52 2 1 - - - - 1 - -
X-SP 22 - - - - - - 1 - -
OD(N&S) 122 - - - 4 - - 1 - -
SUB-TOTAL 10 2 1 4 2 2 5 - 1
CONTINGENCY 5% 0.5 0.1 0.05 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.25 -

TOTAL 11 3 2 5 3 3 6 - 1
• For the Life of Mine forecast the ventilation requirement will be as follows:
• Star and Comet CUT 2 which is expected to have a total of 11(eleven) levels and
CUT 3 which is expected to have a total of 12(twelve) levels up to its closure,
then the total number of level for the life of mine will be 23 levels.

LEVELS VENT DUCT SIZE T-PIECE Y-PIECE SECONDARY FAN

1400mm 1220mm

20m 10m 5m 20m 10m 5m

FOR 1 LEVEL 11 3 2 5 3 3 6 - 1

FOR 23 LEVELS 253 69 46 115 69 69 138 5 23

SC2 & SC3
CONCLUSION
• The current status of the mine is good interms of
amount of air which is supplied.
• For the life of mine the amount of air supplied by the
company is not enough and this will lead to poor
production as well as fatality.
• Absence of instruments for measuring pressure
difference and humidity such as pitot-static tube and
sling hygrometer.
RECOMMENDATION
1. There is a need of installing another fan because the capacity of the primary
ventilation installations is inadequate to support the LOM production profile.
2. Further study should be conducted to investigate for other proposed methods
like dusts, heat and gases.
3. There is a need of having instruments which assists in pressure and humidity
measurement.
4. Ventilation department-it is essential to establish a department and to appoint
a ventilation officer that can manage the program going forward. The
ventilation officer must preferable be stationed at star and comet and become
part of the mining team.
5. Sprinkle to reduce dusts should be used in order to minimize or eliminate
dusts which enters into the mine when fans blow air inside.
6. Too many working places are ventilated by one forcing system and therefore
the delivery volumes do not comply with legislative requirements.
7. Another study should be conducted on the cost analysis of operating the fans.
Thanks for listening