BY: DERFFF, SHANEEE, GIANNN

The appropriate test statistic for testing a claim about a

population mean when the population variance is assumed to be
unknown and n<30 is the t-test for a single mean.
A History teacher claims that the average height of Filipino males is 163 centimeters.
A student taking up Statistics randomly selects 20 Filipino males and measures their
heights.

163 164 165 177

167 163 159 169
159 160 163 163
165 169 163 165
162 174 163 167

Do the collected data present sufficient evidence to indicate that the average heights
of Filipino males is different from 163 cm? Use 0.05 level of significance and assume
that the population follows a normal distribution.
The first thing to do is find the sample mean and standard deviation
Number x x-x ( x – x )²
1 163 163 – 165 = -2 4
2 167 167 – 165 = 2 4
_ _
3 159 159 – 165 = -6 36
4 165 165 – 165 = 0 0
5 162 162 – 165 = -3 9
6 164 164 – 165 = -1 1
7 163 163 – 165 = -2 4
8 160 160 – 165 = -5 25
9 169 169 – 165 = 4 16
10 174 174 – 165 = 9 81
Number x x-x ( x – x )²
11 165 165 – 165 = 0 0
12 159 159 – 165 = -6 36
13 163 163 – 165 = -2 4
14 163 163 – 165 = -2 4
15 163 163 – 165 = -2 4
16 177 177 – 165 = 12 144
17 169 169 – 165 = 4 16
18 163 163 – 165 = -2 4
19 165 165 – 165 = 0 0
20 167 167 – 165 = 2 4
X = 3,300 ( x – x )² = 396
 Sample Mean and Standard Deviation

20.63
3,300
396
20
20 - 1 4.57
165
165
A. By the Critical Value method
Step
  1: State the null and alternative hypotheses.
Ho: μ = 163
Ha: μ 163
Step 2: Choose the level of significance: α = 0.05
Step 3: Compute the test statistic by using t-test for a single mean

165 - 163
4.57 a 1.96
 
√ 𝟐𝟎
Step 4: Determine the critical value
a. Determine the degrees of freedom
df = n – 1
df = 20 – 1
df = 19
b. Use the two-tailed test in the table of t-critical values
Critical value = ± 2.093
Step 5: Draw a conclusion
Because the test statistic t = 1.96 is less than the critical value, do not
reject the null hypothesis.
B. By the P-value method
Step
  1: State the null and alternative hypotheses.
Ho: μ = 163
Ha: μ 163
Step 2: Choose the level of significance: α = 0.05
Step 3: Compute the test statistic by using t-test for a single mean

165 - 163
4.57 a 1.96
 
√ 𝟐𝟎
Step 4: Determine whether or not the p-value is less than the level of significance.
a. Determine the degrees of freedom
df = n – 1
df = 20 – 1
df = 19
b. Significance level: α = 0.05
The alternative hypothesis is non-directional, hence the two-tailed test shall be
used. Use the table of T-critical values. The computed t-value of 1.96 is between
1.729 and 2.093 under columns headed 0.10 and 0.05, respectively. This means that
0.05 > ½ p > 0.025 or 0.10 > p > 0.05
Step 5: Make a decision
Since the p-value > 0.05, do not reject the null hypothesis.
 It was announced over the radio that the average price of a kilogram
of pork liempo in Metro Manila is Php 195. However, a sample of 15
prices randomly collected from different markets in Metro Manila
showed an average of Php 200 and a standard deviation of Php 9.50.
Using a 0.05 level of significance, is there sufficient evidence to conclude
that the average price of pork liempo in Metro Manila is more than Php
195? Normality is assumed over the population
A. By the Critical Value method
Step
  1: State the null and alternative hypotheses.
Ho: μ = 195
Ha: μ 195
Step 2: Choose the level of significance: α = 0.05
Step 3: Compute the test statistic by using t-test for a single mean

200 - 195
9.5 a 2.04
 
√ 𝟏𝟓
Step 4: Determine the critical value
a. Determine the degrees of freedom
df = n – 1
df = 15 – 1
df = 14
b. The alternative hypothesis is directional. Hence, the one-tailed test
shall be used.
Critical value = 1.761
Step 5: Draw a conclusion
Because the test statistic t = 2.04 is greater than the critical value,
reject the null hypothesis.
B. By the P-value method
Step
  1: State the null and alternative hypotheses.
Ho: μ = 195
Ha: μ 195
Step 2: Choose the level of significance: α = 0.05
Step 3: Compute the test statistic by using t-test for a single mean

200 - 195
9.5 a 2.038
 
√ 𝟏𝟓
Step 4: Determine whether or not the p-value is less than the level of significance.
a. Find the degree of freedom
df = n – 1
df = 15 – 1
df = 14
b. Significance level: α = 0.05
The alternative hypothesis is directional, hence the one-tailed test shall be used.
Use the table of T-critical values. The computed t-value of 2.038 is between 1.761
and 2.145 under columns headed 0.05 and 0.025, respectively. This means that 0.05
> p > 0.025
Step 5: Make a decision
Since the p-value < 0.05, reject the null hypothesis.