BASICS OF NETWORKING

Network
 A network is a collection of computers, servers,
mainframes, peripherals, and other devices
connected to one another to communicate and
allow the sharing of data’s and resources.
 An excellent example of a network is the 
Internet, which connects millions of people all
over the world. 
 How it functions smoothly?
 Every computer connected to the internet uses
same set of rules for communication.
 Set of rules is called protocol
 Communication protocol used by internet is
TCP/IP
 The TCP (Transmission control protocol) part is
responsible for dividing the message into packets
on the source comp and reassembling them at the
destination comp.
 The IP (Internet Protocol) is responsible for handling
the address of the destination comp so that the
packet is sent to its proper destination.
 Workstation or Nodes
 refers to a computer that are attached to
a network
 Server
 The master comp is called server.

Server
 Network Interface Unit (NIU)
 Also called Network
Interface Card (NIC) – it’s a
device used to inter-connect
network devices.
 Each NIC is given a unique
physical address called
MAC address.
Transmission Media or
Communication Channel

 Guided Media
– cables
 Unguided media

– waves through air, water or vacuum

i.e. microwaves, radiowaves and
satelites.
 Cables
 Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) Cable

 Shielded Twisted Pair (STP) Cable

 Coaxial Cable

 Fiber Optic Cable

Wireless LANs
 LAN, MAN, and WAN
 A LAN (local area network)
is a group of computers and network devices connected together,
usually within the same building. By definition, the connections must
be high speed and relatively inexpensive.

 A MAN (metropolitan area network)

is a larger network that usually spans several buildings in the same city or
town. The IUB network is an example of a MAN.

 A WAN (wide area network)

in comparison to a MAN, is not restricted to a geographical location,
although it might be confined within the bounds of a state or country.
A WAN connects several LANs, and may be limited to an enterprise
(a corporation or an organization) or accessible to the public. The
technology is high speed and relatively expensive. The Internet is an
example of a worldwide public WAN.
NETWORK TOPOLOGIES
Peer-to-Peer Network
 A peer-to-peer
network is one in
which two or more
PCs share files and
access to devices
such as printers
without requiring a
separate server
computer or server
software.
Client-Server Network
 A client-server
network involves
multiple clients, or
workstations,
connecting to at
least one central
server.
MODEM (Modulator/ Demodulator)
 A modem is a network hardware device that
modulates one or more carrier wave signals to encode
digital information for transmission and demodulates
signals to decode the transmitted information
 In order for devices on the network to connect to the
Internet, the router must be connected to a modem.
Therefore, most routers have a specific Ethernet port
that is designed to connect to the Ethernet port of a
cable or DSL modem.  
 In other word, a modem is a device that provides
access to the Internet
RJ 45 Connector
 Register Jack 45 is an 8 wire connector
which is commonly used to connect
computers on LAN.
 TIA-568
ANSI/TIA-568 is a set
of telecommunications standards
from the Telecommunications
Industry Association (TIA). The
standards address commercial
building cabling for
telecommunications products and
services.
BASIC NETWORK DESIGN
Internet Café common Network Design

GATEWAY
119.95.33.114
Cisco network architecture
Enjoy NetWORKing!
ASSIGNMENT:

 There are various type of connectivity to get

hook on to Internet. They all can be broadly
classified into following category:
 Gateway Access
 Dial-up Connection
 Leased Connection
 DSL
 Cable Modem Connection
 VSAT