CONTENTS

 COMPUTER NETWORKS
 ADVANTAGES OF COMPUTER
NETWORKS
 COMPONENTS
 NETWORK ARCHITECTURE
 TYPES OF NETWORK
 WHAT IS COMPUTER
NETWORKS?
Set of devices connected through links.
A node can be a computer, printer or any
other device capable of sending or receiving
data.
Links connecting the nodes are known as
communication channels.
ADVANTAGES OF COMPUTER
NETWORKS

 SECURITY
 FASTER PROBLEM SOLVING
 RELIABILITY
 RESOURCE SHARING
 BACKUP
COMPONENTS OF COMPUTER NETWORKS
NETWORK
INTERFACE CARD
Hardware components
without which no TYPES OF NIC
computer can be  INTERNAL NETWORK
connected over a CARD
network.
 EXTERNAL NETWORK
It is a circuit board
installed in a CARD
computer
Allows both wired and
unwired
communications
INTERNAL
NETWORK CARD

Motherboard has a slot for

network card where it can
be inserted.
It requires network cables
to provide network access
TYPES
 PERIPHERAL
COMPONENT
INTERCONNECT(PCI)
 INDUSTRY STANDARD
ARCHITECTURE(ISA)
EXTERNAL
NETWORK CARD
In desktops and laptops
that do not have an
internal NIC, external NICs
are used.
Wireless network card
needs to be inserted into
the motherboard, however
no network cable is
required to connect to the
network.
They are useful while
traveling or accessing a
wireless signal.
TYPES
 WIRELESS
 USB BASED
HUB
A network hub is a node
that  broadcasts data to
every computer or
Ethernet-based device
connected to it.
They connect multiple
computers together,
transmitting data received
at one port to all of its
other ports without
restriction.
Hubs operate in half
duplex
Network hubs are
sometimes referred to as
"dumb switches."
SWITCH
A network switch is a
hardware device that
channels incoming data
from multiple input ports
to a specific output port
that will take it toward its
intended destination.
It is a small device that
transfers data packets
between multiple network
devices such as computers,
routers, servers or other
switches.
ROUTER
A router is a physical or 
virtual appliance that
passes information
between two or more 
packet-switched computer
networks. A router
inspects a given data 
packet's destination
Internet Protocol address
(IP address), calculates the
best way for it to reach its
destination and then
forwards it accordingly.
 CABLES

 COAXIAL CABLES
 FIBRE OPTICS
 TWISTED PAIR CABLES
MODEM • Types of computer Modems
a modem is a hardware
 Onboard modem
 device that allows a  Internal modem 
computer to send and  External modem 
receive information over 
telephone lines. When  Removable modem
sending a signal, the
device converts
("modulates") digital data
to an analog audio signal,
and transmits it over a
telephone line. Similarly,
when an analog signal is
received, the modem
converts it back
("demodulates" it) to a
digital signal.
NETWORKING ARCHITECTURES
CLIENT AND SERVER
PEER –TO-PEER NETWORK
LAN • 3. LAN due to their small size are
1. Local area network is a considerably faster, their speed can range
group of computers anywhere from 100 to 100Mbps.
connected with each other 4. LANs are not limited to wire connection,
in a small places such as there is a new evolution to the LANs that
school, hospital, allows local area network to work on a
apartment etc. wireless connection.
2. LAN is secure because
there is no outside
connection with the local
area network thus the data
which is shared is safe on
the local area network and
can’t be accessed outside.
MAN
MAN network covers larger
area by connections LANs
to a larger network of
computers. In
Metropolitan area network
various Local area
networks are connected
with each other through
telephone lines. The size of
the Metropolitan area
network is larger than
LANs and smaller than
WANs(wide area
networks), a MANs covers
the larger area of a city or
town.
WAN
Wide area network provides
long distance transmission of
data. The size of the WAN is
larger than LAN and MAN. A
WAN can cover country,
continent or even a whole
world. Internet connection is
an example of WAN. Other
examples of WAN are mobile
broadband connections such
as 3G, 4G etc.
Disadvantages of WAN:
 Antivirus
 Expensive
 Issue resolution