PLANNING OF PARTICULAR PROJECTS

PREPARED AND SUBMITTED BY:

DELOS SANTOS, LIGAYA A.
PELICANO, RESTY A.
OLLAVE, MARY ROSE
SALIAO, JERUSELLE B.

SUBMITTED TO:
AR. EFREN BERME JR., UAP
8.1 LAND USE PLANNING
 WHAT IS LAND USE PLANNING?
• Land use planning can generally be described as a branch of public
policy.

• It is important to the public and private sectors because the process

of land use planning determines how land will be used in the future
 WHAT DOES LAND USE PLANNING?
• Land use controls, such as zoning, are typically the responsibility of local
governments, such as municipalities or counties.

• The comprehensive plan (also known as the master plan or general plan)
serves as the overarching blueprint for future growth. It supplies a
framework that the zoning code helps to implement through the use of
development guidelines and regulations.
SAMPLE LAND USE PLAN

Source: “Connecting Cleveland: 2020 Citywide Plan,” City Planning Commission, City of Cleveland (Ohio)
• In the Philippines, all local government units (LGUs) from the province,
city, and municipality are mandated to formulate its CLUP.

• Each LGU shall have a Comprehensive Multi-Sectoral Development Plan

to be initiated by the LDC and approved by its sanggunian Sec. 109, RA
7160
CONTENTS OF LAND USE PLAN
 STEPS IN PREPARATION OF A
LAND USED PLAN
 STEP 1: ORGANIZE

Assemble the personnel, resources, and support needed for the planning process

STEP 2: IDENTIFY STAKEHOLDERS

Recognize and engage participants who can play an active role in the planning process.

STEP 3: SET THE VISION

Define the future that you want. The vision shall serve as the driving force that will move the entire
city/municipality towards the achievement of a common development direction and also guide the
succeeding stages of the planning process.
 STEP 4: ANALYZING THE SITUATION

The Situation Analysis, basically answers the question: Where are we now? It is both analytical and
diagnostic, geared towards identifying issues, potentials and future development needs and spatial
requirements of the city/ municipality. Assessment involves technical and participatory methods.

STEP 5: SET THE GOALS AND OBJECTIVES

Formulate achievable goals and objectives, outcomes and output indicators that are responsive to the
issues, needs, and potentials of the municipality/city.

STEP 6: ESTABLISHING THE DEVELOPMENT THRUST AND SPATIAL STRATEGIES

It involves the translation of the city/ municipality’s vision, goals, and objectives into various
development alternatives or scenarios and choosing one or a combination of scenarios to serve as a
framework for detailing the future land use plan.
STEP 7: PREPARING THE LAND USED PLAN

Translate the vision, goals and objectives, development thrust, and spatial strategies into a land use
plan.

STEP 8: DRAFTING THE ZONE ORDINANCE (ZO)

Translate the Land Use Plan into an integrated Zoning Ordinance (ZO) and complementary
ordinances.

STEP 9: CONDUCTING THE PUBLIC HEARING ON THE DRAFT OF CLUP & ZO

This step provides a systematic approach to consensus building on the final draft of the CLUP/ ZO
prior to its submission for approval/ ratification. This involves a 3-stage process: public display and
information dissemination, conduct of public hearing/consultation, and the refinement of the CLUP/
ZO as a result of the public hearing/ consultation.
STEP 10: REVIEWING, ADOPTING & APPROVING THE CLUP AND ZO
This step provides the guide to conducting the mandatory comprehensive review, adoption and
approval/ratification of the CLUP/ ZO. This section is structured according to the requirements for
each of the following:

• Component cities and municipalities

• Highly-urbanized cities and independent component cities
• Metro Manila cities/municipality

STEP 11: IMPLEMENTING THE CLUP AND ZO

Implementing the CLUP requires resources, institutional structures, and procedures, among others, to
be realized. The Local Government Code allows flexibility for LGUs to design and implement their
own organizational structure and staffing pattern according to their vision, goals, and objectives.

STEP 12: MONITORING, REVIEWING & EVALUATING THE CLUP & ZO

The monitoring, review and evaluation (MRE) of the CLUP and ZO implementation is a major
activity that needs to be strengthened. Thus, it is important that an effective RME system be
established, in order to track the progress reached by the CLUP
8.2 PHYSICAL PLANNING
  
“EACH GENERATION WRITES ITS OWN
BIOGRAPHY IN THE CITIES IT CREATES”
-LEWIS MUMFORD
ACTIVITIES DONE
 
VISUALIZE SCALE, DENSITY AND THE PHYSICAL
DIMENSIONS OF DIFFERENT BUILT STRUCTURES,
TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM, AND INFRASTRUCTURE
REQUIREMENTS.

CREATE AND CRITIQUE PHYSICAL MASTER PLAN WITH

REGARDS TO THEIR CONTEXTUAL APPROPRIATENESS (FROM
DIVERSE PERSPECTIVES THAT INCLUDE AESTHETICS,
FUNCTION, INCLUSIONS, AND ENVIRONMENT).
UNDERSTAND HOW DIFFERENT DESIGN
PHILOSOPHIES AND TRADITIONS HAVE
INFLUENCED FROM CONFIGURATION AND
THE DISTRIBUTION OF USES AND USERS

RECOGNIZE HOW DEVELOPMENT AND REAL

ESTATE INFLUENCE THE PRODUCTS AND
PROCESS OF URBAN DESIGN.
RESPECT PRESENT AND FUTURE
INHABITANTS OF THE NEIGHBORHOOD WE
HOPE TO BUILD AND RECOGNIZE HOW
MEANINGFUL COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION
CAN ENHANCE THEIR DESIGN.
PHYSICAL PLANNING PRINCIPLE
SUSTAINABILITY

LAND USE PATTERNS

NATURALS AND CULTURAL RESOURCES

ACCESS AND TRANSPORTATION

LIFE STYLE
SUSTAINABILITY
PROMOTE SUSTAINABILITY PRACTICES IN
DEVELOPMENT

PROMOTE SUSTAINABLE PRACTICES IN

OPERATIONS

ENCOURAGE BROAD-BASED SUSTAINABILITY

INITIATIVES
LAND USED PATTERNS
RESPECT THENATURAL ENVIRONMENT AND
PRESERVE OPEN SPACE AS MUCH AS POSSIBLE

INTEGRATE THE NATURAL AND BUILT ENVIRONMENT.

ENCOURAGE SUSTAINABILITY AND EFFICIENCY AND

BUILDING LAYOUT.
NATURAL AND CULTURAL
RESOURCES
RESPECT MAJOR LANDSCAPE AND VEGETATION FEATURES.

MAINTAIN CONTINUITY OF WILDLIFE HABITATS.

DESIGNEXTERIOR LANDSCAPING TO BE COMPATIBLE WITH

SURROUNDING NATIVE PLANT COMMUNITIES.

MAINTAIN NATURAL SURFACE DRAINAGE FLOWS AS MUCH AS

POSSIBLE.

PROTECT HISTORIC AND PRE-HISTORIC CULTURAL RESOURCES

ACCESS AND TRANSPORTATION
EASE OF ACCESS (ROADS, BRIDGES AND ETC.)

PARKING FACILITIES

TRANSPORTATION FACILITIES (BUSES, METROS,

AND ETC.)
LIFESTYLE
ENRICH THE EXPERIENCE FOR ALL INHABITANTS.

OFFER ADEQUATE HOUSING OPPORTUNITIES FOR

ITS INHABITANTS.

CREATE AN ARRAY OF FACILITIES THAT ENRICH

THE QUALITY OF THE CITY.
APPROCHES TO PHYSICAL PLANNING
PLANNING IS SOMETIMES DESCRIBED AS A
PROCESS TO ALLOCATE CHUNKS OF SCARCE
RESOURCES IN A LOGICAL MANNER FOR THE
BETTERMENT OF THE SOCIETY, THUS RESOURCES
(WHICH ARE SCARCE) MUST BE EMPLOYED IN
SUCH AWAY THAT MAXIMUM RETURN IS GOT.
HENCE THERE ARE TWO APPROACHES TO
PLANNING.
2 APPROCHES TO PHYSICAL PLANNING

1. RATIONALISTIC APPROACH

2. INCREMENTAL APPROACH
GOALS AND INDICATOR OF
PHYSICAL PLANNING

 PLANNING PROCESS AIMS AT CERTAIN DIMENSIONS

OF CHANGE- IT AIMS TO INCREASE THE ACCESS
SERVICES AND FACILITIES. THUS “DEVELOPMENT”
IS A CONCEPT OF “GROWTH- CHANGE”. A PLANNER
CONCERN HIMSELF WITH BOTH OF THESE
CRITERIA.
 THECHANGES IS DEFINED AS CLEAR
IDENTIFICATION OF AIMS, AND THUS CHANGE IS
DEFINED AS A TERN OF GOAL. GOAL HAS A “TIME”
ASPECT WITH IT. TO ACHIEVE A GOAL WITHIN A
TIME SPAN WE HAVE TO UNDERSTAND THE NATURE
OF THE STATEMENT (OF THE GOAL). THE
STATEMENTS ARE MOTIVATED TO THE OVERALL
WELFARE.
 THEGOAL STATEMENT MAY CHANGE IN CERTAIN
TIME, AS PRIORITIES MAY CHANGE IN TIME. SO
ORDERING OF PRIORITIES MAY BECOME
NECESSARY. HENCE GOALS ARE DIVIDED INTO
LONG TERM AND SHORT-TERM GOALS. THE LONG-
TERM GOALS ARE AMENABLE TO RATIONALISTIC
APPROACH OF PLANNING AND SHORT-TERM GOALS
ARE AMENABLE TO INCREMENTAL APPROACH.
 PURPOSE OF PLANNING IS TO DEFINE THE CHANGE
AND TO CREATE THE MEANS TO BRING THE
CHANGE. TO SEE WHETHER A PLAN IS CORRECT OR
NOT. WE ADOPT MONITORING I.E, WE DEVICE SOME
TEST TO INDICATE TO US WHETHER THE PLANS IS
APPROACHING THE PROPER DIRECTION OR NOT.
THIS ARE CALLED “INDICATORS”
INDICATORS
URBAN INDICATORS ARE SUPPORTED TO
DEFINE THE STAGES DEVELOPMENT. A PLANNER
IS CONCERNED WITH THE LIVING, WORKING,
RECREATION, AND OTHER ACTIVITIES OF THE
PEOPLE.
THREE TYPES OF INDICATORS
1. SOCIAL INDICATORS

2. IMPACT INDICATORS

3. PERFORMANCE INDICATORS
8.3 TRANSPORTATION, PUBLIC
FACILITIES, & PLANNING
(INFRASTRUCTURE)
 TRANSPORTATION
• Transportation Planning is a process of defining future policies,
goals, investments, and designs to prepare for future needs to
move people and goods to destinations.
• Transportation planners apply a multi-modal and/or
comprehensive approach to analyzing the wide range of
alternatives and impacts on the transportation system to influence
beneficial outcomes.
 MODELS AND SUSTAINABILITY
• Transportation planning or transport planning, has historically
followed the rational planning model of defining goals and
objectives
• The role of the transport planner is shifting from technical
analysis to promoting sustainability through integrated transport
policies.
PURPOSE OF TRANSPORTATION PLANNING
• Identifying multiple options for transportation
• Identifying outlying problems to a transportation system
• Identifying solutions to those identified problems
• Recalling the purpose of the construction design
• Optimization of existing transportation systems and structural
design
IMPORTANCE OF TRANSPORTATION PLANNING
Obsolete road designs, roadside hazards, and substandard road
conditions are the cause or are related to the cause of nearly a third
highway fatalities. Effective transport in urban areas is essential to the
accessibility of land, the productivity and growth of economic, an
effective standard of living, and the overall environment of the city.
IMPROVING TRANSPORT
INFRASTRUCTURE
• The first and most important is when demand for mobility exceeds
the capacity of the transport system.

• Second, when random but predictable events bring about a

temporary service disruption, such as an accident or a natural
hazard such as flooding.
 PUBLIC FACILITIES
• Public infrastructure refers to infrastructure facilities, systems,
and structures that are owned and operated by the “public,” i.e.,
the government.

• Infrastructure includes all essential systems and facilities that

facilitate the smooth flow of an economy’s day-to-day activities
and enhance the people’s standard of living.
EXAMPLE OF PUBLIC FACILITIES
Transportation infrastructure – Bridges,
roads, airports, rail transport, etc.
Water infrastructure – Water supply, water resource
management, flood management, proper sewage and
drainage systems, coastal restoration infrastructure
Power and energy infrastructure – Power grid,
power stations, wind turbines, gas pipelines, solar
panels
Telecommunications infrastructure – Telephone
network, broadband network, WiFi services
Educational infrastructure – Public schools and
universities, public training institutes
Health infrastructure – Public hospitals, subsidized
health clinics, etc.
Recreational infrastructure – Public parks and
gardens, beaches, historical sites, natural reserves
MAKING PUBLIC FACILITIES MORE PUBLIC
• Municipal facilities must strike a delicate balance between openness
and security.
• City services buildings such as police and fire stations, libraries, city
halls, and medical examiner’s offices are important touchpoints for
the communities they serve.
• They define the character of the government and color the
interactions between citizens and public servants.
MAKING PUBLIC FACILITIES MORE PUBLIC
• Municipal facilities must strike a delicate balance between openness
and security.
• City services buildings such as police and fire stations, libraries, city
halls, and medical examiner’s offices are important touchpoints for
the communities they serve.
• They define the character of the government and color the
interactions between citizens and public servants.