Sari KD

CLAUSE AND PHRASE

 Clause ( S + V ).
A clause that can stand by itself as a sentence is
a main clause / independent clause
Ex : He walked down the street
S V
A clause that cannot stand by itself as a sentence
is a subordinate clause / dependent clause
Ex : As I approached the house ( What
happened?)
S V
 Phrase (S / V)
Losing my wedding ring
Pretty woman
TYPES OF SENTENCES
Simple Sentence (1 independent clause)
• I enjoy playing tennis with my friend every
weekend
• I love you

Compound Sentence (2 or more independent

clauses)
• I enjoy tennis, but I hate golf
• I love you and I want to marry you
1. I can’t buy a car _____ I save enough
money.
2. Bob ate a large dinner;_______he is
still hungry.
3. I didn’t have my umbrella,_____ I
got wet.
COMPLEX SENTENCE (1 INDEPENDENT
CLAUSE &1 (MORE) DEPENDENT CLAUSE(S))
Adverb Clause
• Although women in the United States could
own property, they could not vote until
1920s.
• I had left before he came
• When I fall in love, it would be forever
SUBORDINATING
CONJUNCTIONS
 Time: after, before, when, while, as, by the
time, whenever, since, until, as soon as,
once, as long as
 Cause and effect: because, since, now that,
as, as long as, inasmuch as, so (that), in
order that
 Contrast: although, even though, though,
whereas, while
 Condition: if, unless, only if, even if,
 Adjective Clause
• I thanked the woman. She helped me
I thanked the woman who helped me (people
)
• The man was Mr Jones. I saw him
The man whom I saw was Mr Jones (people)
• I know the man. His bicycle was stolen
I know the man whose bicyle was stolen
(possession)
• The building is very old. He lives there
The building where he lives is very old.(a
place)
• I’ll never forget the day. I met you then (on
that day)
I’ll never forget the day when I met you
(time)
The book is mine. It is on the table
The book which is on the table is mine
FAMOUS QUOTES
 Show me a friend who will weep with me;
those who will laugh with me I can find
myself (Yugoslav proverb)
 Very few people can congratulate without
envy a friend who has succeeded (Aeschylus
(Greek playwright)
 Friendship is a plant which we must often
water (German proverb)
 A true friend is somebody who can make us
do what we can (Ralph Waldo Emerson (U.S
writer)
 The professor who teaches Chemistry 101 is
an excellent lecturer. (the adjective clause
is necessary to identify which professor is
meant)
 Professor Wilson, who teaches Chemistry
101, is an excellent lecturer (additional
information)
 His wife who lives in Bogor is a doctor.
 His wife, who lives in Bogor, is a doctor
NOUN CLAUSE (S / O)

 Wh Question
Where does she live? I don’t know where she
lives
What did he say? I couldn’t hear what she said

Who is she? I don’t know who she is

Who are those men? I don’t know who those
men are
What did she say? What she said surprised me
 Yes/ No Question
Does he need help? I wonder whether he needs
help
I wonder if he needshelp
 Statement

He is a good actor I think that he is a good

actor
The world is round It is a fact that the
world is round
 I know what you did last summer
COMBINE EACH OF THE FOLLOWING SETS OF
SENTENCES INTO A SINGLE LONGER SENTENCE
1. He has been absent frequently. He has
managed to pass the test.
2. The children were playing outdoors last night.
It began to rain very hard.
3. Frank is the man. We are going to nominate
Frank for the office of the treasurer.
4. People respected George Washington. He
turned out to be one of our greatest military
leaders
5. The president went fishing. He has finished
with the conferences. The conferences
discussed the climate change.
6. Thousand of babies are born with serious physical and
mental problems. Their mothers are addicted to crack
cocaine.
7. John has received a scholarship. John’s grades are the
highest in school.
8. The alphabet is used in English. It is called the Roman
alphabet. It was developed by the Romans. The Romans
had
taken most of it from the Etrucans.
9 Tennis offers a pleasent means of recreation for young
people. It can be played by two or four players.
10 The bank is very reliable. I have just borrowed some
money
from it.