BASIC COMPUTER ORGANIZATION

Presented By
702-BH-PHY-2019

Presented to: Mam Asma

Section : CA 1201-F1
Outline

• Introduction to Computer
• Basic Computer Organization
• Basic Operations of Computer
• Basic Structure of the computer
 Input/ Output Unit
 Central Processing Unit
 Memory Unit
Computer
• A computer is an electronic device that
processes data and converts into
information
• It runs programs and perform different
calculations and operations based on it.
• It can take data in various types like
alphanumeric, numeric, alphabets,etc.
• Data processing machine.
Some Applications of Computer
Controlling space flight
Landing airplanes
In Education field And many
more
Printing books
Turning on lights at the specified time
Checking out groceries at the counter
Computer Organization
 The way the computer hardware is
structured and its overall behavior
 It refers to the operational units and their
interconnections
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BASIC OPERATIONS OF COMPUTER
1. Data 2. Data 3. Data
Inputting processing storing

4. Data 5. Controlling
outputting data
 Data Inputting:
Entering data into the computer by the user is
inputting. This data is sent in the computer for
processing that is done by the input unit.

 Data storing :
Saving data and instructions in the RAM of the
computer to make them readily available for the initial
processing.
 Data processing:

• The operation done by the CPU

• Performing arithmetic and logical
operations on the data
• Conversion of data into information
• Performing the
instructions
 Data outputting:
The process of producing useful information or
results for the user.

 Controlling data :
Directing the manner and sequence in which all of the
above operations are performed. Within the
computer, a control unit manages the computer’s
resources
Block Diagram of Computer Operations
BASIC STRUCTURE OF COMPUTER

To perform the above operations, the computer is

divided into units like:
Input / output unit
Central processing unit
Memory unit
Input unit
• A generalized term for all the input
devices Reading
• The main function is commands
to give commands and
Conversion into digital computer
the instructions toreadable
the form
computer by the use
For
of input devices.
further
processing
Output Unit
• A generalized term for all the output
devices
• The main function is to generate
output which has been processed
• Conversion of information into human
readable form by using output devices PRINTER
Central Processing Unit
• The brain of the computer
• A highly set of circuitry that is used for
executing the program instructions
• All computers must have CPU
Parts of CPU

ARITHMETIC AND LOGIC UNIT CONTROL UNIT

 The actual execution of  It itself does not execute
instructions take place here programs
 Performs the arithmetic  It directs other units to
operations perform the program
 Performs the logical  Coordinates the activities of
operations (basically a other units
comparison)
Memory/Storage Unit
• Used to store programs and instructions.
• Can save temporarily and also
permanently
Types of memory:
1. Primary memory
2. Secondary memory
Difference between Primary and Secondary memory

Primary memory Secondary memory

• Expensive • Cheap
• Working area of computer • Large capacity of several GB’s
• Small capacity • Not present on the
• Directly accessed to the motherboard
computer • Slow access
• Fast access , Must part • EXAMPLES:
• EXAMPLES: RAM and ROM SD card, Floppy disks, CD’s
Difference of Main Memory types
RAM ROM
o Temporary storage o Permanent storage
o Store data in MB’s o Store data in GB’s
o Volatile memory o Non- Volatile memory Main
o Used in normal o Used for start up Memory

operation process of computer RAM ROM

o Writing data is faster o Writing data is slower
o The READ and WRITE o The READ and WRITE
operations are operations cannot
performed on it perform on it
SUMMARY
 Thank you !
Everyone should know how to program the
computer. Because it teaches you how to think.
-Steve
Jobs