GAS TURBINE POWER

PLANT

Prepared by :-
MOHD ZULHAIRI BIN ZULKIPLI
Lecturer ,
Politeknik Ungku Omar
JJ618-Engineering Plant Technology
APPLICATIONS OF GAS TURBINE
1. Gas turbine plants are used as standby
plants for the hydro-electric power plants.
2. Gas turbine power plants may be used as
peak loads plant and standby plants for
smaller power units.
3. Gas turbines are used in jet aircrafts and
ships. Pulverized fuel fired plants are used in
locomotive.

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Simple Layout application for gas turbine power plant

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 1-2: Compression
2-3: Combustion

BRAYTON CYCLE 3-4: Expansion through

Turbine and Exhaust
Nozzle

(4-1: Atmospheric
Pressure)

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BASIC COMPONENTS

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BASIC COMPONENTS
 Compressor
 Draws in air & compresses it
 Combustion Chamber
 Fuel
pumped in and ignited to burn with
compressed air
 Turbine
 Hot gases converted to work
 Can drive compressor & external load

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BASIC COMPONENTS
 Compressor
 Draws in air & compresses it
 Combustion Chamber
 Fuel
pumped in and ignited to burn with
compressed air
 Turbine
 Hot gases converted to work
 Can drive compressor & external load

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BASIC COMPONENTS
 Compressor
 Draws in air & compresses it
 Combustion Chamber
 Fuel
pumped in and ignited to burn with
compressed air
 Turbine
 Hot gases converted to work
 Can drive compressor & external load

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COMPRESSOR
 Supplies high pressure air for combustion
process
 Compressor types
 Radial/centrifugalflow compressor
 Axial flow compressor

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COMPRESSOR
 Radial/centrifugal flow
 Adv: simple design, good
for low compression
ratios (5:1)
 Disadv: Difficult to
stage, less efficient

 Axial flow
 Good for high
compression ratios (20:1)
 Most commonly used

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BLADE COOLING

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COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
 Where air & fuel are mixed, ignited, and
burned
 Spark plugs used to ignite fuel
 Types
 Can: for small, centrifugal compressors
 Annular: for larger, axial compressors (LM 2500)
 Can-annular: rarely used

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TURBINES
 Consists of one or more stages designed to
develop rotational energy
 Uses sets of nozzles & blades
 Single shaft
 Power coupling on same shaft as turbine
 Same shaft drives rotor of compressor and power
components

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TURBINES
 Split Shaft
 Gas generator turbine drives compressor
 Power turbine separate from gas generator turbine
 Power turbine driven by exhaust from gas generator
turbine
 Power turbine drives power coupling

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DUAL SHAFT, SPLIT SHAFT

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GAS TURBINE SYSTEMS
 Air System
 Airintakes are located high up & multiple filters
 Exhaust discharged out stacks
 Fuel System
 Uses either DFM or JP-5
 Lubrication System
 Supply bearings and gears with oil

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GAS TURBINE ACCESSORY
SYSTEMS
 Starting System
 To get compressor initially rotated, HP air used
(can use electrical also)
 Once at certain RPM, fuel injected and spark
ignited
 Power Transmission System
 Reduction gears used to transfer torque
 With split shaft, turbines can run @ different
speeds

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ADVANTAGES OF GAS TURBINE
POWER PLANT
 It is smaller in size and weight as compared
to an equivalent steam power plant.
 The initial cost and operating cost of the
plant is lower than an equivalent steam
power plant.
 The plant requires less water as compared to
a condensing steam power plant.
 The plant can be started quickly, and can be
put on load in a very short time.
 The maintenance of the plant is easier and
maintenance cost is low.
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ADVANTAGES OF GAS TURBINE
POWER PLANT
 There are no standby losses in the gas turbine
power plant whereas in steam power plant these
losses occur because boiler is kept in operation even
when the turbine is not supplying any load.
 The lubrication of the plant is easy. In this plant
lubrication is needed mainly in compressor, turbine
main bearing and bearings of auxiliary equipment.
 The plant does not require heavy foundations and
building.
 There is great simplification of the plant over a
steam plant due to the absence of boilers with their
feed water evaporator and condensing system.

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DISADVANTAGES OF GAS
TURBINE POWER PLANT
 Major part of the work developed in the
turbine is used to derive the compressor.
Therefore, network output of the plant is
low.
 Since the temperature of the products of
combustion becomes too high so service
conditions become complicated even at
moderate pressures.

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Basic Power Plant Design
Combined Cycle – Supplementary - Fired
HRSG

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Basic Power Plant Design
Furnace - Fired Steam Generator

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Basic Power Plant Design
Furnace - Fired Steam Generator

Cogeneration Plants – Power and Steam

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Basic Power Plant Design
Cogeneration Plants – Power and Power

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CLASSIFICATION OF GAS
TURBINE POWER PLANT
The gas turbine power plants which are used in
electric power industry are classified into two
groups as per the cycle of operation.

Open cycle gas turbine.

Close

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THE PRACTICAL GAS TURBINE
CYCLE
 Gas turbine units are open-cycle basis with a
rotary compressor and a turbine mounted on
a common shaft.

 An Additional equipment can be added to the

simple cycle gas turbine, leading to increases
in efficiency and/or the output of a unit.

 This approach is simplified by using a T-s

Diagram.

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 T-S Diagram

An Open Cycle Gas-

Turbine Engine

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 USING THE FLOW EQUATION WE GET:-
 Work done by compressor, Win = cp(T2’ – T1)
 Heat supplied, Qin = cp(T3 – T2’)
 Work done by turbine, Wout = cp(T3 – T4’)
 Net work, Wnet = Wout - Win = cp(T3 – T4’) - cp(T2’ – T1)

 Heat/Thermal efficiency, η =

 Isentropic efficiency of compressor,

 Isentropic efficiency of turbine,

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INTERCOOLING
 Multistage compression with intercooling improves the
efficiency of a compression process.
 A Brayton Cycle with Intercooling uses two or more
compression stages with one or more intercoolers, as shown
below. The power requirement for compression is reduced,
but QH also increases.

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T-S DIAGRAM WITH
INTERCOOLING

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REHEAT
 A reheater is a heat exchanger that increases the
power output without increasing the maximum
operating temperature but it does not increase
the efficiency of the cycle

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T-S DIAGRAM WITH REHEATER

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REGENERATION
 A Brayton Cycle with Regeneration uses a heat exchanger
called a regenerator to preheat the air-fuel mixture before it
is fed to the combustion chamber using the turbine effluent
as the heat source.
 A regenerator reduces QC and QH for the cycle by the same
amount. This has no effect on the power produced, but
increases the thermal efficiency of the cycle.

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T-S DIAGRAM WITH
REGENERATIVE

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