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Fertilization in Plants, Fruit and Seed
Fertilization in Plants, Fruit and Seed
Pistil
*Stigma –top of the pistil,
Stamen
Sticky surface for pollen to *Anther – produces sperm
stick to nuclei by meiosis. Sperm
*Style – connects the stigma to nuclei are enclosed by
the ovary pollen grains.
*Ovary –contains ovules *Filament – holds the anther
( eggs) up
Pollination
• Transfer of mature pollen grains from the
anther to the stigma
-wind
-insects
-birds & other animals
Important (endangered?) Pollinators
• Bees • Green bottle flies
• Butterflies
• Moths
• Bactrocera fruit flies
• Wasps • Bats
• Bombyliid flies • Birds
• syrphid flies – Hummingbirds
• Beetles – Honeyeaters
• Midges
– Sunbirds
• Ants
• monkeys, lemurs,
possums, rodents
and lizards
What happens after pollination?
• After the landing of pollen
grains on the stigma:
• Formation and growth of
pollen tube take place-
pollen germination
• Pollen tube growth down
through stigma and style
finally reaches the ovary
• Enters ovule
• In sexual reproduction the nucleus of a male
gamete and nucleus of a female gamete join
together. This is called fertilization
• When the nuclei of the two gametes have
joined together, they form a new cell that
called zygote
After fertilization
• Ovule develop in to seed
• Ovary develop in to fruit
Fertilization
• Inside the ovule fertilization is
takes place
• In the ovule pollen tube
discharges two sperms
• One of the sperms fuses with
the egg and form zygote
• Other fuses with secondary
nucleus for primary
endosperm nucleus
FRUIT
From ovary to fruit
• The ovary of the flower
contains the ovules.
• As fertilized ovules
develop into seeds, the
ovary wall develops into
the fruit.
• In science, the term
“fruit” refers to a mature
ovary that contains seeds.
Fruit anatomy
Types of dry fruits
Capsule
(Poppy)
Legume
(Bean pod) Achene
Follicle (Sunflower)
Silique
(Columbine)
(Money Plant) Nut
(Hazelnut)
Types of fleshy fruits
1. Water
2. Space
3. Sunlight
4. Soil
*A seed is the start of a new plant
*Covered in a seed coat to protect and keeps tiny leaves and root inside