Elements of Civil Engineering and Engineering

Mechanics

6
Moment and Couple
Simple problems
Prof. Praveen Biradar

PRAVEEN BIRADAR
 Moment of a Force
The rotational effect produced by force is known as Moment of
force
OR
Moment is defined as the product of the magnitude of force &
the perpendicular distance of the point from the line of action of
the force
Moment about axis o-o is Mo=Fd
Magnitude of Mo measures
tendency of F to cause rotation of
the body about an axis along Mo.

The moment of force will be

either clockwise or anti-
clockwise.
PRAVEEN BIRADAR
 Types of moments
(i) If the tendency of a force is to rotate the body in the clockwise
direction, it is said to be a clockwise moment and is taken positive, as
shown in Figure (b).
(ii) If the tendency of a force is to rotate the body in the anticlockwise
direction, it is said to be anticlockwise moment and is taken negative
as shown in Figure (c).
F F
Point of Point of
rotation rotation

d
d
Fig (a) Fig (b) Fig (c)
Clockwise moment anticlockwise moment
PRAVEEN BIRADAR
 Simple problems
100N

o Mo=F.d =100*2 = 200 N-m ( clockwise)

2m

2m
o
0.75m Mo=F.d =50*0.75 = 37.5 N-m
50N
( clockwise)

PRAVEEN BIRADAR
Simple problems

2m
300 Mo=F.d =40*(4+2cos30)
o 40N
= 229 N-m ( clockwise)
4m 2cos30

3m
o Mo=F.d =60*(1sin45)
1m 450 1sin45
=42.4N-m (anti- clockwise)
60N

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Simple problems
2m
1m
7 kN Mo=F.d =7*(4-1)
4m = 21 N-m ( anti-clockwise)

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 Couple
Two equal, opposite and parallel forces constitute a couple

30kN

0.4m

30kN

PRAVEEN BIRADAR
Characteristics of couple
• A couple consists of pair of equal & opposite parallel forces
which are separated by a definite distance.
• A couple can only rotate the body .but cannot translate the
body
• The algebraic sum of the forces, constituting the couple, is
zero.
• The algebraic sum of the moments of the forces, constituting
the couple, about any point is the same, and equal to the
moment of the couple itself.
• A couple cannot be balanced by a single force. But it can be
balanced only by a couple of opposite sense.
.

PRAVEEN BIRADAR
Equivalent force-couple system

Fig a. Consider a force acting at a point A on a rigid body.This

force is to be replaced by a force and couple at a point B.
Fig b. Apply two forces equal in magnitude and opposite in
direction parallel to force F at point B.This addition of force does
not change the original effect on rigid body.
Fig c. Thus a couple of moment M=Fxd and a force at point B

PRAVEEN BIRADAR
Example
40N Negative

B C D Positive
A
1.5m 2m 2.5m
40N

1. Moment of couple M = - 40 x 1.5 = -60 N-m

2. MA = -40 X 1.5 = -60 N-m
3. MB = -40 X 1.5 = -60 N-m
4. MC = -40 X (1.5+2) + 40 X 2 = -60 N-m
5. MD = -40 X (1.5+2+2.5) + 40 X (2+2.5) = -60 N-m

PRAVEEN BIRADAR
Concept of solving problems
Determine the moment of the force in Fig. about point O .

Problem can be solved in three methods.

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 450
300 450
300

PRAVEEN BIRADAR
PRAVEEN BIRADAR
PRAVEEN BIRADAR
Problems
Resolve the force F=900N acting at B into a couple and a force at O.
F=900N

O 3m B

900N F=900N 900N

O 3m B O B
900N 2700 N-m

M=F x d = 900*3 = 2700 N-m (Clockwise)

PRAVEEN BIRADAR
Replace the force 600N from point A by equivalent force couple
at B
A A A
F=600N 600N

4m 4m 4m

B 600N 600N 600N

B B
2400N-m

M=F x d = 600*4 = 2400 N-m (Clockwise)

PRAVEEN BIRADAR
Problems

PRAVEEN BIRADAR
Problems
Determine the moment of the 100N force acting on the rod as shown in fig
about 0

The force is resolved into two components parallel and perpendicular to the rod
as shown in figure
Mo = 100 sin 30 X 4 = 200 N-m (Anti clockwise)

PRAVEEN BIRADAR
Simple problems

PRAVEEN BIRADAR
Problems
Transfer the force acting at point A to the point B
50N
50N

x
300
30 0

A B
A B
4m
4m

Sin 30 = x/4 i.e x = 4sin30 = 2m

MB = 50 X 2 = 100 N-m (clockwise)
50N

100N-m
A B

PRAVEEN BIRADAR
Problems
Transfer the force acting at point A to the point B,Horizontal force
of 1000N is acting on the lever AB
1000N
1000N
Sin 60 = x/hyp = x/0.5

m
x
m

0.5
X = 0.5 sin60 = 0.433m
0.5

600
60
0

MB = 1000 * 0.433 = 433 N-m

PRAVEEN BIRADAR
Find the moment of force about A for the 30kN force
30sin45
1.6m x
1.6m B
B 30kN 30cos45
A 45 0
A 450 30kN
1m 1m
C
C
Cos45 = 1/x i.e x = 1/cos45 = 1.414 m
MA =(30sin45) (1.6+1.414) = 63.94 kN-m (anti clockwise)

1.6m
B 30kN
A 450 450
x Cos45 = x/1.6
C X = 1.6 cos45 = 1.131m
1m Perpendicular distance, d= 1.131+1=2.131m
MA =30*2.131= 63.94 kN-m (anti clockwise)

PRAVEEN BIRADAR
Determine the angle  for which the moment of the 500N force
shown in fig is maximum about O.Also find the maximum moment

A Applying Cosine rule calculate OA

m m
15 0  1502+1002-OA2
Cos110=
200
2(150)(100)
500N
OA=206.79mm = 0.20679m
1100
100 Using sine rule
mm 100 = 206.79
sin110
O Sin
 = 27.030

𝛼
  + 𝛽 =90
𝛼
  =90 − 𝛽=90 − 27.03=62.970
𝑀𝑚𝑎𝑥=500
  𝑥 0.20679=103.395 𝑁𝑚 𝑐𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑘𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒
 

PRAVEEN BIRADAR
 Problems for practice
Transfer the force acting at point B to the point A
2m
45 kN
A
A B 300 3m
B
6m 2m 200
5m
50 kN
o
0.3m B
A B
3m
0.5m B 3m 500
400 2 180 kN
180 kN A 1.5
0.8m A 40 0
36 kN
1m

PRAVEEN BIRADAR
END

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