CELL DIVISION

6.1 CELL DIVISION

6.1 CELL DIVISION

• All organisms are composed of cells.

• The cells arise from existing cells, by the

process of division.
6.1 CELL DIVISION

• Most living cells has the ability to self

replicate.

• Cell division involves the passing on a genetic

information from parent cells to daughter cells.
6.1 CELL DIVISION

• Stages:
– Nuclear division or karyokinesis
– Cytoplasmic division or cytokinesis
• Cell division involves the passing on a genetic
information from parent cells to daughter cells.

• This information is important in determining the

structure and functions of the cells and is carried in
deoxyribonucleic acids.
• Inside the nucleus, DNA and proteins together
from structures called chromosomes.
 CHROMOSOME
• Inside the
nucleus, DNA
and proteins
together form
chromosomes.
• Chromosomes contains a long
molecule of DNA which stores
the genetic information.
6.1 CELL DIVISION

• The number of chromosomes present in the

nucleus of somatic cells is fixed for each species.
–Eg:
• Human= 46 chromosomes
• Cat = 38 chromosomes
6.1 CELL DIVISION

• All somatic cells have two sets of

chromosomes.
• One set is of paternal origin,
whereas the other is of maternal origin.
• Each pair of
chromosomes is called
homologous
chromosomes.
• A cell which has
chromosomes in pairs
is called diploid (2n).
 HOMOLOGOUS CHROMOSOMES

• Matching
chromosomes from
both sets have similar
structural
characteristics.
HOMOLOGOUS CHROMOSOMES
6.1 CELL DIVISION

• Type of cell division:

–mitosis.
–meiosis.
6.1 CELL DIVISION

• Type of cells:
–Somatic cells
• formed through mitosis

–Reproductive cells / gametes

• formed through meiosis