OXIDATION –

REDUCTION
(REDOX) REACTION
Redox Reaction (Oxidation Method)
Al + HCl  AlCl3 + H2
1. Assign oxidation states to all elements.

0 +1 -1  +3 -1 + 0
Al + H Cl  Al Cl3 + H2
Redox Reaction (Oxidation Method)
Al + HCl  AlCl3 + H2
2. Determine which elements showed an increase or decrease in
oxidation state. Determine the number of electrons lost or gain per
molecules or unit
0 to +3 = 3e- lost

0 +1 -1  +3 -1 + 0

+1 to 0 = 1e- lost

Al + H Cl  Al Cl3 + H2
Redox Reaction (Oxidation Method)
Al + HCl  AlCl3 + H2
3. Use the half equation Method. In this method, the equation is separated into
two half – equations; one for oxidation & one for reduction.

0 to +3 = 3e- lost +1 to 0 = 1e- gain

0 +3 +1 0
Al  AlCl3 HCl  H2
Redox Reaction (Oxidation Method)
Al + HCl  AlCl3 + H2
4. Balance the elements in the equation other than O and H

0 to +3 = 3e- lost +2 to 0 = 2e- gain

0 +3 +2 0
Al  AlCl3 2HCl  H2
 Redox Reaction (Oxidation Method)
Al + HCl  AlCl3 + H2
5. Get the LCM of the electrons lost or gained in the reaction.

( 0 to +3 = 3e- lost) 2 = 6e- lost (+2 to 0 = 2e- lost )3 = 6e- gained

0 +6 +2 0
2(Al  AlCl3 ) (2HCl  H2 ) 3
2Al  2 AlCl3 6 HCl  3H2

2 Al + 6HCl  2 AlCl3 + 3H2

 Balance the following redox reactions by the oxidation state
change method / half reaction method.

◦ 1. KMnO4 + Na2C2O4 + H2SO4  K2SO4 + MnSO4 + Na2SO4 + CO2 + H2O

◦ 2. Cu + HNO3(diluted)  Cu(NO3)2 + NO + H2O

◦ 3. Cu + HNO3(conc.)  Cu(NO3)2 + NO2 + H2O

◦ 4. K2CrO4 + H2O2 + HCl  KCl + CrCl3 + O2 + H2O

◦ 5. K2Cr2O7 + FeSO4 + H2SO4  K2SO4 + Cr2(SO4)3 + Fe2(SO4)3 + H2O

 Balance the following redox reactions by the oxidation state
change method / half reaction method.

◦ 6. KMnO4 + KCl + H2SO4  K2SO4 + MnSO4 + Cl2 + H2O

◦ 7. CuS + HNO3(diluted)  Cu(NO3)2 + NO + H2O + S

◦ 8. Zn + HNO3(diluted)  Zn(NO3)2 + NH4NO3 + H2O

◦ 9. KMnO4 + HCl  KCl + MnCl2 + Cl2 + H2O

◦ 10. KMnO4 + H2O2 + H2SO4  K2SO4 + MnSO4 + O2 + H2O

 ASSIGNMENT
Balance the following redox reactions by the oxidation state
change method / half reaction method.
◦ 1. K2S + Al2O3 + H 2O  KHSO4 + KOH + Al

◦ 2. Ca(MnO4)2 + HBr + H2CO3  MnCO3 + CaCO3 + Br2 + H2O

◦ 3. K3Fe(NO3)6 + Cr2O3 + KOH  K2CrO4 + K4Fe(NO3)6 + H2O

◦ 4. V(OH)4Cl + HCl + FeCl2  VOCl2 + H2O + FeCl3

◦ 5. K2HAsO3 + KBrO3 + HCl  H3AsO4 + KBr + KCl

 ASSIGNMENT
Balance the following redox reactions by the oxidation state
change method / half reaction method.

◦ 6. CoCl2 + K2O2 + KOH + H2O  Co(OH)3 + KCl

◦ 7. Na2HgCl4 + NO + S + H2O  HNO3 + NaCl + HgS

◦ 8. Mg3(PO4)2 + SiO2 + C  MgSiO3 + P4 + CO

◦ 9. NaClO4 + H2SO4  O2 + NaHSO4 + ClO2 + H2O

◦ 10. U(C2O4)2 + NaMnO4 + H2O  H2C2O4 + MnC2O4 + UO2C2O4 + Na2C2O4