BUILT UP RATE

REINFORCEMENT
 MATERIAL
• Reinforcement bars of steel reinforcement used in medium
and high tension steel.
• The weight according to the diameter of reinforcement bars
is as follows
Diameter of bar (mm) Weight (kg/m)
6 0.222
8 0.395
10 0.616
12 0.888
16 1.579
20 2.466
25 3.854
32 6.313
40 9.864
50 15.413
 MATERIAL (cont’)

• Bar should be based on engineer drawing and inserted into

the mold before concrete is poured.

• The additional of 5% over the cost of reinforcement bars is

necessary to take into account on the wastage that occurs
mainly during the cutting process and also for damages.

• Wire bonding/tying wire to bind the bar is not measured

separately, and contractors must take this into account in
calculating the price of reinforcement bars.

• Quantity of wire is shown in the table.

 MATERIAL (cont’)

Diameter of bar (mm) Wire of bonding for 1 tonne

(kg)
6-12 10

16-25 6

32-50 5
Table: wire bonding/tying wire for reinforcement bars.
 MATERIAL – Spacer block
• Spacer block are used to determine the position of the bar
is also considered, including work in reinforcement bar.

• Cost for a spacer blocks is too small and the contractor

may include a one –time cost in the provision for wastage.

• Percentage for wastage of the bar to be cut and shaped at

the site is higher than the already cut by the supplier of the
bar before being sent to the site as shown in Table

Diameter of bar (mm) Wastage and spacer block (%)

Bar is cut on site 5
Bar is ready to cut 2
Table: Percentage of wastage and spacer block
 LABOUR
• Workers are required to handle the work of loading and
preparing the bar and sent to the site.

• Output of ordinary labour to work is 1.50 hours to 1 tonne

of reinforcement bars.

• In addition, workers also need to cut, bend and install a bar

in place.

•The table shows the output of labour to cut and bend the
bars (steel bender)
 LABOUR (cont’)

Place Hours for 1 tonne of reinforcement

6-8mm dia. 10-12mm dia. 16-20mm dia. > 25mm dia.

Straight bar 40 30 20 15
and curved
Table: The Output of labour to cut and bend the bars

Place Hours for 1 tonne of reinforcement

6-8mm dia. 10-12mm dia. 16-20mm dia. > 25mm dia.
Foundation, 40 30 25 20
ground floor
Upper floor, roof 50 40 30 25
Wal, column, 70 50 35 30
beam, stair
Table: The output of labour to install the bar
 MESH REINFORCEMENT
• Heavy reinforcement mesh used for the construction is
tabulated below. Network reference number with the prefix
A, the network holes, rectangular and B are square term.
Reference no. B.S Weight (kg/m3)
A 392 6.16
A 252 3.95
A 193 3.02
A 142 2.22
A 98 1.54
B 1131 10.90
B 785 8.14
B 503 5.93
B 385 3.73
B 196 3.05

Table: The weight of mesh reinforcement

 MESH REINFORCEMENT (cont’)
• Overlapping mesh reinforcement is not taken into account
during installation.

• However, the contractor should take into account the

increase in the quantity of these substance in the calculation.

•Additional amount depending on the size of the pieces and

also the necessary degree of overlap. The table shows the
percentage of overlap for the network that is installed with
the amount of overlapping ends and edges are different.
 MESH REINFORCEMENT (cont’)
Amount of overlap ends and edges Addition to the overlapping (%)
(mm)
150 12
200 16
250 20
300 25
Table: Percentage of wastage and spacer block

• Contractor shall make an additional 5% for wastage and

10% more to the cost of wire bonding and the cost of spacer
blocks on the cost of reinforcement.

•Wire bond / tying wire is needed is much smaller than the

need to tie reinforcing bars.
 LABOUR
• Ordinary workers are required to unload and organise the
work place.

• Furthermore, it is required for bending, cutting, placing and

binding pieces of mesh in place.

•Output of labour to loading and placing of work is

0.15hour/m2.

• Installation of reinforcing mesh is easy to just put the mesh

in place and usually performed by regular employees.

• The time required for this work depends on th eplace

where the mesh should be placed. Output force for beding,
cutting, placing and binding steel mesh is shown in the
table.
 LABOUR (Cont’)

Place Ordinary workers (hour/m2)

Floor and roof 0.20
Foundation 0.25
Wall 0.33
Staircase 0.50

Table: Output for labour to cutting and fixing the mesh reinforcement
 Example 1: Reinforcement
Built up rate for 16mm diameter high tensile steel reinforcement in straight and
bent bars in foundation on site – kg
Data: 
16mm diameter bar = RM1800.00/tonne
Tying wire = 6kg @ RM3.50/kg
Steel bender = RM55.00/day
Unskilled labour = RM40.00/day
 
Labour constant( from table)
  Loading & placing = 1.50hr/tonne
Cutting & bending = 20.00hr/tonne
Fixing = 25.00hr/tonne
 
Allow 5% wastage and spacer block  

TOTAL COST = MATERIAL COST + LABOUR COST +

PROFIT & OVERHEAD
 Answer 1: Reinforcement
A) Material cost (1000kg = 1 tonne)
 
Steel bar reinforcement = RM1,800.00
Add: 5% wastage & spacer = RM 90.00
Tying wire 6.00kg x RM3.50 = RM 21.00
RM1,911.00

B) Labour cost
Loading & placing
(Unskilled)  RM 40.00/8hr x 1.50hrs/tonne = RM7.50/tonne

Cutting & bending

(Steel bender)  RM 55.00/8hr x 20.00hrs/tonne = RM137.50/tonne

Fixing
(Steel fixer)  RM 55.00/8hr x 25.00hrs/tonne = RM171.88/tonne
RM316.88/tonne
Answer 1: Reinforcement (Cont’)
Total cost
= Material cost (A) + labour cost (B)
= RM1911.00 + RM316.88 = RM2227.88/tonne
 
Add: 15% profit & OH = RM334.18
RM2562.66/tonne
  
Cost per kg = RM2562.66/1000kg
 
= RM2.56/kg
 
Example 2: Reinforcement
Built up rate for 12mm diameter high tensile steel reinforcement
in straight and bent bar in wall –kg
Data:
12mm diameter bar = RM2000.00/tonne
Tying wire = 10kg @ RM3.50/kg
Skilled labour = RM60.00/day
Unskilled labour = RM40.00/day
 
Labour constant( from table)
  Loading & placing = 1.30hr/tonne
Cutting & bending = 18.00hr/tonne
Fixing = 23.00hr/tonne
 
Allow 2% wastage and spacer block

TOTAL COST = MATERIAL COST + LABOUR COST +

PROFIT & OVERHEAD
 Answer 2: Reinforcement (Cont’)
A) Material cost (1000kg = 1 tonne)
Steel reinforcement = RM2000.00
Add: 2% wastage & spacer = RM 40.00
Tying wire 10.00kg x RM3.50 = RM 35.00
RM2075.00
B. Labour cost
Loading & placing
(Unskilled)  RM 40.00/8hr x 1.50hrs/tonne = RM7.50/tonne

Cutting & bending

(Steel bender)  RM 60.00/8hr x 18.00hrs/tonne = RM135.00/tonne

Fixing
(steel fixer)  RM60.00/8 hr x 23.00hrs/tonne = RM 172.50/tonne
RM 315.00/tonne
 
Answer 2: Reinforcement (Cont’)
Total cost
= Material cost (A) + labour cost (B)
= RM2075.00 + RM315.00 = RM2,390.00/tonne
 
Add: 15% profit & OH = RM358.50
RM2,748.50/tonne
  
Cost per kg = RM2,748.50/1000kg

  = RM2.75/kg
 
Example : Mesh Reinforcement
Built up rate for fabricc reinforcement to B.S 4483 ref. A 193 with
150mm side and laps in suspended floor slab –m²
Data:
Fabric reinforcement including transportation = RM12.00/m²
Unskilled labour = RM40.00/day
 
Overlap = 12%
Wastage = 5%
Tying wire and space block = 10%

Labour constant( from table)

  Loading & placing = 0.15hr/m²
Cutting & fixing = 0.20hr/m²

TOTAL COST = MATERIAL COST + LABOUR COST +

PROFIT & OVERHEAD
 Answer 3: Mesh Reinforcement (Cont’)
A) Material cost
Fabric reinforcement = RM 12.00
Add: 5% wastage = RM 0.60
Lapping 12% x RM12.00 = RM 1.44
Tying wire 10.00kg x RM12.00 = RM 1.20
B. Labour cost RM 15.24/m²
Loading & placing
(Unskilled)  RM 40.00/8hr x 0.150hrs/m² = RM0.75/m²

Cutting & fixing

(unskilled)  RM 40.00/8hr x 0.20hrs/m² = RM1.00/m²
RM1.75/m²

 
Answer 3: Mesh Reinforcement (Cont’)
Total cost
= Material cost (A) + labour cost (B)
= RM15.24 + RM1.75 = RM16.99/m²
 
Add: 15% profit & OH = RM2.55
RM19.54/m²
  
Exercise 1: Reinforcement
Built up rate for 20mm diameter high tensile steel reinforcement in straight
and bent bars in upper floor on site – kg

Data:
 20mm diameter bar = RM1550.00/tonne
Tying wire = 4kg @ RM3.30/kg
Steel bender = RM65.00/day
Unskilled labour = RM50.00/day
Exercise 2: Reinforcement
Built up rate for 32mm diameter high tensile steel reinforcement in straight
and bent bars in wall on site – kg

Data:
 32mm diameter bar = RM2400.00/tonne
Tying wire = 5kg @ RM4.50/kg
Steel bender = RM75.00/day
Unskilled labour = RM60.00/day
Exercise 3: Reinforcement
Built up rate for 8mm diameter high tensile steel reinforcement in straight
and bent bars in ground floor on site – kg

Data:
 8mm diameter bar = RM980.00/tonne
Tying wire = 5kg @ RM3.80/kg
Steel bender = RM45.00/day
Unskilled labour = RM40.00/day