1.

SPANISH
COLONIAL
LITERATURE

(1565-1898)
 “
Bear always in mind
that your true measure
of honor and of charity
is to die in defense of
your Country.
-Andres Bonifacio

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 SPANISH COLONIAL LITERATURE
(1565 - 1898)
⬗ Brought changes to Filipino lifestyle
 From Animism and Paganism to Christianity
 From treehouses and nipa huts to houses made of stones and
bricks
 Carriages, boats, and trains became the means of commuting
 Fiestas honor the saints, the pope, and the governor
 Cockfights, horse races, and theater became recreational
activities
 Different class strata emerged like poor, rich, landlords, etc.

3
 DISCUSSIOn:
Spanish Colonial
Literature Poems of National Heroes
“Mi Ultimo Adios”
Spanish Influences by Jose Rizal
The FIRST Books
“Pag-Ibig sa Tinubuang Lupa”
Folk Songs by Andres Bonifacio
Recreational Plays “To the Fatherland”
by Emilio Jacinto

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 SPANISH
INFLUENCES
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SPANISH
INFLUEN
CES
Alibata
was
replaced
by Roman
alphabet.

6
 SPANISH INFLUENCES
Legends and The Spanish
traditions from Lessons on Christian language became
Europe were Doctrine became the the medium of
assimilated in our basis of religious instruction and
songs, corridos, and practices. literary language
moro-moros. and now had lent
many words to
our language.

7
 SPANISH Grammar books
INFLUENCES were printed in
Filipino.
Ancient literature Magazines and
was collected and periodicals
translated to gained a
Tagalog and other religious tone.
dialects.

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THE FIRST BOOKS

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THE FIRST BOOKS

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 THE FIRST BOOKS: DOCTRINA
CHRISTIANA (1593)
 Written by Fr. Juan de Placencia and Fr.
Domingo Nieva, in Tagalog and Spanish
 First book printed in Philippines in xylography
 Contained the ff:
Pater Noster (Our Father)
Ave Maria (Hail Mary)
Regina Coeli (Hail Holy Queen)
Ten Commandments of God
Commandments of Catholic Church
Seven Mortal Sins
How to Confess
Cathecism

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THE FIRST BOOKS: Nuestra Senora Del Rosario
(1602)

 Written by Fr. Blancas de San Jose

 Second book published in Philippines (at
UST Printing Press) with the help of Juan
de Vera
 Contained the biography of the saints,
novenas, Q&As on religion

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 THE FIRST BOOKS:
LIBRO DE LOS CUATRO POST
PRIMERAS DE HOMBRE

First book
published in Written in Tagalog
typography and Spanish

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THE FIRST BOOKS: Ang Barlaan at
Josephat
 The first Biblical story printed in the Philippines and
translated from Greek to Tagalog by Fr. Antonio de
Borja

 Has 556 pages and believed to be the first Tagalog

novel ever published in the Philippines

 Fr. Agustin Mejia translated this novel to

Ilocano

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 THE FIRST BOOKS: The Passion
o Talks about life and o Gaspar de Aquino de
sufferings of Jesus Belen of Bataan (1704)
Christ
o Luis de Guia (1750)
o Read only during lent
o Mariano Pilapil (1814)
o Had 4 versions in
o Aniceto de la Merced of
Tagalog , which were
Norzagaray, Bulacan
named after the writer (1856)

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THE FIRST BOOKS: Urbana at Felisa

Written by Modesto de Castro, the Influenced

Father of Classic Prose in Tagalog
greatly the
behavior of
Contains exchange of letters
between the two sisters Urbana
people in
and Felisa society

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THE FIRST BOOKS: Ang mga Dalit kay Maria
(1865)
Written by Fr. A Filipino priest
Mariano Sevilla

Collection of Popular during

songs praising the Maytime festival
Virgin Mary (Flores de Mayo)
PSALMS FOR
MARY

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 FOLK SONGS
Each region had its national song from
the lowlands to the mountains of
Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao. These manifest Filipinos’ artistic
feelings and innate appreciation for
love and beauty.

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100%
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24
RECREATIONAL PLAYS

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 A ritual about St.
TIBAG Helena’s seach for the
Holy Cross where Jesus
means
Place your screenshot
here
Christ was nailed and
died.
“to excavate”

26
In April, the
Lagaylay
ladies are
chosen or
forced by their
mother to fulfill
a vow (panata) Place your screenshot In May,
here
people offer
praise, respect,
and love to the
Blessed Cross
by St. Helena
on the mound
she had dug in.

27
The re-enactment of passion
and death of Jesus Christ Senakulo
📌
Cantada Ilocos
📌 Pampanga
[Chanted Hablada
like the [Has a Bicol
Passion] more Sibulanon
dignified Hiligaynon
theme]
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 📌
📌
Re-enactment of
Virgin Mary and
St. Joseph in search
Panunuluyan for an inn to deliver
the baby Jesus

29
 Salubong
📌 📌 An Easter play that
dramatizes the
meeting of the
Risen Jesus Christ
and His Mother.
📌 📌
30
CARILL
O Makes
Figures
Also known
use of
are moved
marionettes whose
cardboard
like
figures
dialogues are produced by
as “Shadow
before
experts a lamp
and are drawn by
Corrido, Awit, or some
against
Play” religiousa plays
white
sheet
accompanied with songs

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 avarice
cruelty

Social problems Political problems

Known
Deals
A musical
as
with a revenge love hate
the or
comedy
man’s
melodrama
passions and
Father in
of
emotions
3 acts
Drama
ZARZUEL
A
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SAINETE
Short
Deals with
exaggerated
everyday
musical comedy
performed
life by
characters
situations
of low class

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MORO-MORO Serves to
entertain and
remind people A Christian
conversion of their princess is
Christianity captured by
Moro people.
baptism
Father and his
Christian team engage in
community battle with Christians
Moros. usually win
in the battle

34
 KARAGATAN A ritual based on a legend about a
princess who dropped her ring into
A poetic contest only the middle of the sea and who offered
her hand in marriage to anyone who
celebrated when someone
can find it
died
A leader starts with
extemporaneous poem to
The girl asks a riddle, announce the purpose then
spins lumbo or tabo with
and if the man gives the
white line
correct answer, he will
offer the ring to the girl. The person who comes in
the direction of white line
will have the chance to
look for the ring

35
 BALAGTASAN
a poetic and Held in honor
artful joust in of Francisco
debate on a Baltazar
topic or issue

Comprised of two
opposing parties and
a moderator
(lakandiwa/
lakambini), and
judges

36
 A chant in free verse by a bereaved person
DUNG-AW beside the corpse of the dead
(from Ilocano)
The person recites in free poetic rhythm
according to his feelings, emotions, and
thoughts, including his good wishes for
the dead person in his other life

Personalized and usually deals

with life, sufferings, sacrifices of
the dead person, and apologies
for his misdeeds

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POEMS OF NATIONAL HEROES:
Mi Ultimo Adios
by Dr. Jose P. Rizal
Spanish for "My Last Farewell"
was one of the last notes he wrote
before his execution (December
30, 1896)
Although the poem was untitled,
this title served as an artifice
useful as a quick reference

38
 Mi Ultimo Adios
by Dr. Jose P. Rizal
1 Farewell, dear Fatherland, clime of the sun caress'd 16 My dreams, when life first opened to me, 
Pearl of the Orient seas, our Eden lost!, My dreams, when the hopes of youth beat high, 
Gladly now I go to give thee this faded life's best, Were to see thy lov'd face, O gem of the Orient sea 
And were it brighter, fresher, or more blest From gloom and grief, from care and sorrow free; 
Still would I give it thee, nor count the cost. No blush on thy brow, no tear in thine eye.

6 On the field of battle, 'mid the frenzy of fight,  21 Dream of my life, my living and burning desire, 
Others have given their lives, without doubt or heed;  All hail ! cries the soul that is now to take flight; 
The place matters not-cypress or laurel or lily white, All hail ! And sweet it is for thee to expire ; 
Scaffold or open plain, combat or martyrdom's plight, To die for thy sake, that thou mayst aspire;
‘Tis ever the same, to serve our home and country's need. And sleep in thy bosom eternity's long night.
11I die just when I see the dawn break,  26 If over my grave some day thou seest grow, 
Through the gloom of night, to herald the day;  In the grassy sod, a humble flower, 
And if color is lacking my blood thou shalt take, Draw it to thy lips and kiss my soul so,
Pour'd out at need for thy dear sake  While I may feel on my brow in the cold tomb below 
To dye with its crimson the waking ray. The touch of thy tenderness, thy breath's warm power.

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 Mi Ultimo Adios
by Dr. Jose P. Rizal
31Let the moon beam over me soft and serene, 
Let the dawn shed over me its radiant flashes,  51And even my grave is remembered no more
Let the wind with sad lament over me keen ;  Unmark'd by never a cross nor a stone
And if on my cross a bird should be seen,  Let the plow sweep through it, the spade turn it o'er
Let it trill there its hymn of peace to my ashes. That my ashes may carpet earthly floor,
Before into nothingness at last they are blown.
36Let the sun draw the vapors up to the sky,
And heavenward in purity bear my tardy protest 56Then will oblivion bring to me no care 
Let some kind soul o 'er my untimely fate sigh, As over thy vales and plains I sweep;
And in the still evening a prayer be lifted on high Throbbing and cleansed in thy space and air 
From thee, 0 my country, that in God I may rest. With color and light, with song and lament I fare, 
Ever repeating the faith that I keep.
41Pray for all those that hapless have died,
For all who have suffered the unmeasur'd pain;
For our mothers that bitterly their woes have cried,
For widows and orphans, for captives by torture tried
And then for thyself that redemption thou mayst gain.

46And when the dark night wraps the graveyard around

With only the dead in their vigil to see
Break not my repose or the mystery profound
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And perchance thou mayst hear a sad hymn resound
 Mi Ultimo Adios
by Dr. Jose P. Rizal
61My Fatherland ador'd, that sadness to my sorrow lends
Beloved Filipinas, hear now my last good-by! 
I give thee all: parents and kindred and friends
For I go where no slave before the oppressor bends,
Where faith can never kill, and God reigns e'er on high!

66Farewell to you all, from my soul torn away,

Friends of my childhood in the home dispossessed !
Give thanks that I rest from the wearisome day !
Farewell to thee, too, sweet friend that lightened my way;
Beloved creatures all, farewell! In death there is rest!

Translated by Charles Derbyshire

41
OF NATIONAL HEROES:
ag-Ibig sa Tinubuang Lupa
by Andres Bonifacio
Written by
Bonifacio to
ignite the
nationalistic
spirit among the
Filipino people

42
 PAG-IBIG SA TINUBUANG LUPA
1 Aling pag-ibig pa ang hihigit kaya
sa pagkadalisay at pagkadakila
gaya ng pag-ibig sa tinubuang lupa?
Alin pag-ibig pa? Wala na nga, wala.
5 Ulit-ulitin mang basahin ng isip
at isa-isahing talastasing pilit
ang salita’t buhay na limbag at titik
ng isang katauhan ito’y namamasid.
9 Banal na pag-ibig pag ikaw ang nukal
sa tapat na puso ng sino’t alinman,
imbit taong gubat, maralita’t mangmang
nagiging dakila at iginagalang.
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13 Pagpupuring lubos ang nagiging hangad
sa bayan ng taong may dangal na ingat,
umawit, tumula, kumatha’t sumulat,
kalakhan din nila’y isinisiwalat.
17 Walang mahalagang hindi inihandog
ng pusong mahal sa Bayang nagkupkop,
dugo, yaman, dunong, katiisa’t pagod,
buhay ma’y abuting magkalagot-lagot.
21 Bakit? Ano itong sakdal nang laki
na hinahandugan ng buong pag kasi
na sa lalong mahal kapangyayari
at ginugugulan ng buhay na iwi.
 PAG-IBIG SA TINUBUANG LUPA
25Ay! Ito’y ang Inang Bayang tinubuan,
siya’y ina’t tangi na kinamulatan
ng kawili-wiling liwanag ng araw
na nagbibigay init sa lunong katawan.
29 Sa kanya’y utang ang unang pagtanggap
ng simoy ng hanging nagbigay lunas,
sa inis na puso na sisinghap-singhap,
sa balong malalim ng siphayo’t hirap.
33Kalakip din nito’y pag-ibig sa Bayan
ang lahat ng lalong sa gunita’y mahal
mula sa masaya’t gasong kasanggulan.
hanggang sa katawan ay mapasa-libingan.
44
37Ang nangakaraang panahon ng aliw,
ang inaasahang araw na darating
ng pagka-timawa ng mga alipin,
liban pa ba sa bayan tatanghalin?
41At ang balang kahoy at ang balang sanga
na parang niya’t gubat na kaaya-aya
sukat ang makita’t sa ala-ala
ang ina’t ang giliw lampas sa saya.
45Tubig niyang malinaw sa anaki’y bulog
bukal sa batisang nagkalat sa bundok
malambot na huni ng matuling agos
na nakaka aliw sa pusong may lungkot.
 PAG-IBIG SA TINUBUANG LUPA
49Sa aba ng abang mawalay sa Bayan!
gunita ma’y laging sakbibi ng lumbay
walang ala-ala’t inaasam-asam
kundi ang makita’ng lupang tinubuan.
53Pati na’ng magdusa’t sampung kamatayan
wari ay masarap kung dahil sa Bayan
at lalong maghirap. O! himalang bagay,
lalong pag-irog pa ang sa kanya’y alay.
57Kung ang bayang ito’y nasa panganib
at siya ay dapat na ipagtangkilik
ang anak, asawa, magulang, kapatid
isang tawag niya’y tatalikdang pilit.
45
61Datapwa kung bayan ano ang bayan ng ka-Tagalogan
ay nilalapastangan at niyuyurakan
katwiran, puri niya’t kamahalan
ng sama ng lilong ibang bayan.
65Di gaano kaya ang paghinagpis
ng pusong Tagalog sa puring nalait
at aling kaluoban na lalong tahimik
ang di pupukawin sa paghihimagsik?
69Saan magbubuhat ang paghihinay
sa paghihiganti’t gumugol ng buhay
kung wala ring ibang kasasadlakan
kundi ang lugami sa kaalipinan?
 PAG-IBIG SA TINUBUANG LUPA
73Kung ang pagka-baon niya’t pagka-busabos
sa lusak ng daya’t tunay na pag-ayop
supil ng pang-hampas tanikalang gapos
at luha na lamang ang pinaa-agos
77Sa kanyang anyo’y sino ang tutunghay
na di-aakayin sa gawang magdamdam
pusong naglilipak sa pagka-sukaban
na hindi gumugol ng dugo at buhay.
81Mangyari kayang ito’y masulyap
ng mga Tagalog at hindi lumingap
sa naghihingalong Inang nasa yapak
ng kasuklam-suklam na Castilang hamak.
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85Nasaan ang dangal ng mga Tagalog,
nasaan ang dugong dapat na ibuhos?
bayan ay inaapi, bakit di kumikilos?
at natitilihang ito’y mapanuod.
89Hayo na nga kayo, kayong nanga buhay
sa pag-asang lubos na kaginhawahan
at walang tinamo kundi kapaitan,
kaya nga’t ibigin ang naaabang bayan.
93Kayong antayan na sa kapapasakit
ng dakilang hangad sa batis ng dibdib
muling pabalungit tunay na pag-ibig
kusang ibulalas sa bayang piniit.
 PAG-IBIG SA TINUBUANG LUPA
97 Kayong nalagasan ng bunga’t bulaklak
kahoy niyari ng buhay na nilanta't sukat
ng bala-balakit makapal na hirap
muling manariwa’t sa baya’y lumiyag.
101Kayong mga pusong kusang inuusal
ng daya at bagsik ng ganid na asal,
ngayon magbangon’t baya’y itanghal
agawin sa kuko ng mga sukaban.
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105Kayong mga dukhang walang tanging sikap
kundi ang mabuhay sa dalita’t hirap,
ampunin ang bayan kung nasa ay lunas
sapagkat ang ginhawa niya ay sa lahat.
109Ipahandog-handog ang buong pag-ibig
hanggang sa mga dugo’y ubusang itangis
kung sa pagtatanggol, buhay ay mapatid
ito’y kapalaran at tunay na langit.
POEMS OF NATIONAL HEROES:
To My Fatherland
by Emilio Jacinto (dimas ilaw))

 Written in 1897
 Wrote pieces which essentially exhorted the Filipino masses
to join the revolution against Spain
 "A La Patria" (To The Fatherland), a patriotic piece inspired
by "Mi Ultimo Adios" (My Last Farewell)
 Jacinto wrote the poem under the coconut palms of Sta. Cruz,
Laguna.

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 A la patria (to my fatherland)
1 Hail! Oh my native country!  More than aught I adore thee 16 Ah, in the midst of thy splendors, sadly in chains dost though languish, 
Whom with so many treasures lavish nature has blessed; That which to thee is most precious-freedom, though has it not! 
Eden where flowers more fragrant bloom than in other gardens,  Ah, to relieve thee, my country, in thy distress, in thy suffering, 
Where with more beautiful colors, rising, the dawn paints the heavens,  Pain would I give my life-blood, gushing forth from my bosom 
And where the poet, enraptured, sees what he elsewhere but dreamt.  To the last drop, and oblivion find, eternal rest. 
 
6 Hail! Oh thou queen enchanting!  Filipinos beloved,  21What should be thine by Justice, rights unalienable 
Venus beauty enshrouded, peerless, beloved land!  Are naught but words vain and hollow, cruel mockery to thee; 
Region of light and color, poetry, fragrance, and gaiety,  Justice is but a deception in thy sad situation, 
Regions of fruits delicious and or sweet harmonies, Bonmaid art thou, though worthy of a Queen's purple instead, 
Gently lulled to sleep by the breezes and the surf of the sea.  Joy givest thou to thy tyrant, who gives thee gall in return. 
 
11Pearl the most precious and dazzling of our Eastern Ocean,  26What does it help thee, my country, sad bowed by dire misfortune, 
Paradise built by the splendors of our brilliant sun: That thou hast skies like the turquoise, clear and diaphanous, 
Eagerly do I greet thee, and adoration ardent.  That of thy moon the silvery beams are of matchless beauty: 
Offers my soul with the burning, fervent desire to see thee What does it help thee, who, weeping, sighing in bitter bondage, 
Free from thy bitter sorrow, free from the Spaniard's yoke!  Hast for four centuries been suffering - what is the good to thee? 
 

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 A la patria (to my fatherland)
31And what avail thee flowers covering thy smiling meadows,  46But to end comes all silence and must all servile patience, 
What the bird's carols that sweetly in your forests resound?  Now, that the tocsin resounding call  us to light for thee, 
Ah, the same breeze that their fragrance bears and their songs And without fear, without mercy, openly, crush the servile serpent 
harmonious,  That with its venom has poisoned  thy embittered existence; 
Bears on its wings cries and sobbing, weeping and bitter complaints,  Fatherland, here we are, ready, anxious to die for thee!
That fill the soul with anguish and the mind with sad thoughts.   
  51All, the idolized mother, and the wife whom we worship, 
36What is the good of thy splendor, pearl of virginal beauty,  Even the babe whom his father loves like a piece of his soul, 
What of the wealth oriental of thy alluring charms,  In the defense of thy cause we abandon them, leaving behind us, 
If all thy grace and beauty tyrants have cruelly blighted,  Happiness, love and hope: all we hold dear we give up, 
Bound with mortiferous iron, fetters or hardness unequaled,  All our fondest dreams, our illusions all. 
Drawing enjoyment and pleasures from thy anguish and woe?   
  56And lo!  Throughout the country heroes spring up enchantment, 
41What is the good of thy fertile soil and its matchless exuberance,  Burning with love of their country, radiant with virtue's light, 
That it brings forth fruits delicious and manifold, bountiful?  Fighting with ardor that only death can defeat and vanquish, 
If all thy generous heavens smile down upon and shelter  And even in dying they will utter thy sacred name. 
Is claimed as his by the Spaniards, who stepping boldly forward,  Fatherland, wishing thee happiness, still with their dying breath. 
Insolent in his vileness, loudly proclaims his right? 
 

50
 A la patria (to my fatherland)
61Numerous like stars in the heavens, thousands of noble heroes  76Little it matters if exile is our fate, and the prison, 
Lay on thy sacred altars willingly down their lives,  Or even torture, with savage fury inflicted on us, 
And when ye hear of the combats and the desperate charges  Fort the sacred altar that in his heart each patriot 
Fervent prayers to heaven send up, ye children ye aged,  To thee has raised, have us all, one and all have we sworn 
And ye woman, that victory may be with our hosts!  Fealty to our cause, and our honor pledged. 
   
66Midst the most horrible tortures cruelty can imagine,  81And it we forth from the flight come with the laurels of glory,
Only because they have loved thee and desired thy good,  And our self-sacrificing labor is crowned with success, 
Countless martyrs have suffered, yet in the midst of their torments  Future ages will honor heap upon honor and crown thee 
Blessings for thee have risen from their pure souls, and even  Queen of the realm of the free, pure and unblemished queen, 
Those who were slain met death with  last wish for thee.  And all the peoples on earth mute and admiring will stand. 
   
71What does it matter that hundreds, thousands of sons of thine perish,  86On the horizon slowly rises the dawn, most brilliant, 
In the unequal struggle, in the tremendous strife,  Of a new day of freedom, love and prosperity, 
And that their precious lifeblood flows till it seems like an ocean?  And of those who have fallen in the dark night of the struggle 
Is it not split in defending thee and thy sacred home?  Never let perish the memory, and in their graves, cold and humble, 
Little it matters if fighting bravely, they die in thy cause!  Happy their slumber will be, happiness being thine. 

51
A la patria (to my fatherland)
91And
91And if
if the
the crown
crown of
of the
the victor
victor should
should be
be the
the spoil
spoil of
of the
the Spaniard, 
Spaniard, 
and
and if
if the
the fickle
fickle fortune
fortune should
should turn
turn its
its back
back on
on thee, 
thee, 
Yet
Yet we
we shall
shall always
always be
be brethren
brethren -- be
be what
what it
it may
may the
the outcome, 
outcome, 
Liberty
Liberty will
will always
always have 
have  the
the champions
champions while
while there
there are
are tyrants
tyrants alive. 
alive. 
And
And our
our faith
faith will
will not
not perish
perish -- while
while there
there is
is life,
life, there
there is
is hope! 
hope! 
  
96Silent
96Silent forces
forces are
are working
working while 
while  aa false
false calm
calm is
is reigning 
reigning 
Calm
Calm precedes
precedes the
the storm
storm -- soon
soon will
will the
the hurricane
hurricane rage, 
rage, 
And 
And  with
with more
more firmness,
firmness, more
more prudence
prudence will
will our
our work
work we
we continue 
continue 
And
And start
start the
the struggle
struggle again,
again, but
but with
with more
more ardor
ardor and
and strength, 
strength, 
Till
Till in
in the
the end
end we
we shall
shall triumph,
triumph, till
till dried
dried your
your tears
tears shall
shall be. 
be. 
  
101Fatherland,
101Fatherland, idolized,
idolized, precious,
precious, as
as your
your sorrows
sorrows are
are growing 
growing 
So
So our
our love
love grows
grows again,
again, your
your affection
affection for
for thee, 
thee, 
Do
Do not
not lose
lose hope
hope or
or courage,
courage, for
for from
from the
the wound,
wound, the
the gaping, 
gaping, 
Always
Always the
the blood
blood will
will flow,
flow, while
while there
there is
is life
life in
in us, 
us, 
And
And we
we shall
shall never
never forget
forget thee
thee in
in eternity's
eternity's space. 
space. 

52
Thank you! :)

MS. HAZEL MARIE RABANO, LPT

Our Lady of Fatima University
Senior High School