Property Law

-;DklQ sfg'g_
Syllabus/Course
Syllabus/ Course

Meaning
Meaningofofthe
theterm
termproperty
property
Theories
Theoriesofofproperty
property
Kinds
Kindsofofproperty
property
Concept
Conceptofofownership
ownership

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 Study Materials For:
LLB, BA.LLB & Advocate License Exam
Mode of Acquisition & Transfer of Property
ModesofofAcquiring
Modes AcquiringProperty
Property

cfh{g

ck'tfnL÷
sAhf lr/ef]u ;Demf}tf
cQ/flwsf/

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Mode of Acquisition & Transfer of Property
Possession-sAhf_
Possession -sAhf_
 k|flrg sfnb]lv g} sAhfsf] k|rng /x]sf] b]lvG5.
 k|flrg sfnb]lv g} sAhfsf] k|rng /x]sf] b]lvG5.
 s'g} klg ef}lts ;DklQ cfkm\gf] xf] egL b]vfpgsf] nflu
 s'g} klg ef}lts ;DklQ cfkm\gf] xf] egL b]vfpgsf] nflu
To;nfO{ cfkm\gf] lgoGq0fdf /fVg' sAhf xf].
To;nfO{ cfkm\gf] lgoGq0fdf /fVg' sAhf xf].
 k|lrg sfndf cfkm'nfO{ cfj:os a:t' k|yd k6s h;n] sAhf u¥of] ;f] ;Dklt
 k|lrg sfndf cfkm'nfO{ cfj:os a:t' k|yd k6s h;n] sAhf u¥of] ;f] ;Dklt
p;}sf] x'GYof].
p;}sf] x'GYof].
 sAhf ug{ a:t' ZjfdL ljlxg x'g'kb{5, xfnsf] ;dodf c;fGwljs /x]sf] 5.
 sAhf ug{ a:t' ZjfdL ljlxg x'g'kb{5, xfnsf] ;dodf c;fGwljs /x]sf] 5.

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Mode of Acquisition & Transfer of Property
Prescription-lr/ef]u_
Prescription -lr/ef]u_
 lr/ef]unfO ef]uflwsf/ klg elgG5.
 lr/ef]unfO ef]uflwsf/ klg elgG5.
 s'g} ;DklQ s;}n] ef]u u/]sf] lglZrt ;do cjlw lat]sf] sf/0f ;f] ;DklQ
 s'g} ;DklQ s;}n] ef]u u/]sf] lglZrt ;do cjlw lat]sf] sf/0f ;f] ;DklQ
ef]usf] cfwf/df ef]u ug]{nfO{ ;DklQdfly clwsf/ x'g'nfO lr/ef]u
ef]usf] cfwf/df ef]u ug]{nfO{ ;DklQdfly clwsf/ x'g'nfO lr/ef]u
elgG5.
elgG5.
 o;df nfdf] ;do;Dd :jfldn] ;DklQdfly sAhf 5f]8g] / leGg JolQmn]
 o;df nfdf] ;do;Dd :jfldn] ;DklQdfly sAhf 5f]8g] / leGg JolQmn]
;f] ;DklQnfO{ sAhfdf /fvL ef]u ug]{
 ;f]cfkm\gf]
;DklQnfO{ sAhfdf
clwsf/ /fvL ef]u
k|lt rgfvf] ug]{ dfq sfg'gn] ;xfotf ub{5.
/xg]nfO{
 cfkm\gf] clwsf/ k|lt rgfvf] /xg]nfO{ dfq sfg'gn] ;xfotf ub{5.

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Mode of Acquisition & Transfer of Property
Agreement
Agreement
 lr/ef]unfO ef]uflwsf/ klg -;Demf}tf_
-;Demf}tf_
elgG5.
 lr/ef]unfO ef]uflwsf/ klg elgG5.
 s'g} sfo{ ug{ gug{ kIfx?sf ljrdf ePsf] :jLs[tLnfO{ ;Semf}tf elgG5.
 s'g} sfo{ ug{ gug{ kIfx?sf ljrdf ePsf] :jLs[tLnfO{ ;Semf}tf elgG5.
 ;Demf}tfnfO{ sfg'g åf/f nfu' u/fpg s/f/sf cfa:os tTjx? s/f/df ljwdfg
 ;Demf}tfnfO{ sfg'g åf/f nfu' u/fpg s/f/sf cfa:os tTjx? s/f/df ljwdfg
x'g cfj:os 5, h:t}M b'O{ kIf, :jtGq ;xdlt, pb]Zo tyf k|ltkmnsf] a}wtf,
x'g cfj:os 5, h:t}M b'O{ kIf, :jtGq ;xdlt, pb]Zo tyf k|ltkmnsf] a}wtf,
:k:6 ;t{ tyf cj:yf, sfg'lg ;DaGw :yflkt ug]{ dgf;o
:k:6 ;t{ tyf cj:yf, sfg'lg ;DaGw :yflkt ug]{ dgf;o
 ;xdltdf xs cfhg ug]{ x'gfn] xfnsf] ;dodf al9 ;fGb{les
 ;xdltdf xs cfhg ug]{ x'gfn] xfnsf] ;dodf al9 ;fGb{les

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Mode of Acquisition & Transfer of Property
Inheritance-ck'tfnL
Inheritance -ck'tfnLjfjfpQ/flwsf/_
pQ/flwsf/_
 lr/ef]unfO ef]uflwsf/ klg elgG5.
 lr/ef]unfO ef]uflwsf/ klg elgG5.
 s'g} sfo{ ug{ gug{ kIfx?sf ljrdf ePsf] :jLs[tLnfO{ ;Semf}tf elgG5.
 s'g} sfo{ ug{ gug{ kIfx?sf ljrdf ePsf] :jLs[tLnfO{ ;Semf}tf elgG5.
 ;Demf}tfnfO{ sfg'g åf/f nfu' u/fpg s/f/sf cfa:os tTjx? s/f/df ljwdfg
 ;Demf}tfnfO{ sfg'g åf/f nfu' u/fpg s/f/sf cfa:os tTjx? s/f/df ljwdfg
x'g cfj:os 5, h:t}M b'O{ kIf, :jtGq ;xdlt, pb]Zo tyf k|ltkmnsf] a}wtf,
x'g cfj:os 5, h:t}M b'O{ kIf, :jtGq ;xdlt, pb]Zo tyf k|ltkmnsf] a}wtf,
:k:6 ;t{ tyf cj:yf, sfg'lg ;DaGw :yflkt ug]{ dgf;o
:k:6 ;t{ tyf cj:yf, sfg'lg ;DaGw :yflkt ug]{ dgf;o
 ;xdltdf xs cfhg ug]{ x'gfn] xfnsf] ;dodf al9 ;fGb{les
 ;xdltdf xs cfhg ug]{ x'gfn] xfnsf] ;dodf al9 ;fGb{les

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Mode of Acquisition & Transfer of Property
OwnershipofofMaterial
Ownership MaterialThings
Things-ef}lts
-ef}ltsj:t'x?sf]
j:t'x?sf]:jldTj_
:jldTj_
cef}lts;DklQM–
cef}lts ;DklQM–b]Vg,
b]Vg,5'g,
5'g,:k;{
:k;{ug{
ug{g;lsg]
g;lsg]ef}lts
ef}ltscfs[lt
cfs[lt
gePsf tyf
gePsf tyfa}l4s
a}l4s?kdf
?kdfxfl;n
xfl;nug{ug{;lsg]
;lsg]lrhlrhj:t'nfO{
j:t'nfO{
k/ j:t'dfly clwsf/M– csf{sf] ;DklQdf clwsf/ k|
k/ j:t'dfly clwsf/M– csf{sf] ;DklQdf clwsf/ k| cef}lts
of]u ug'{
of]u ug'{
cef}lts j:t'dfly clwsf/M– b]Vg, 5'g g;lsg] / af}l4s
cef}lts j:t'dfly clwsf/M– b]Vg, 5'g g;lsg] / af}l4s
?kdf xfl;n ug{ ;lsg] j:t' cef}lts
?kdf xfl;n ug{ ;lsg] j:t' k/a:t'dfly
j:t'dfly
pk/ /xg] clwsf/ clwsf/
pk/ /xg] clwsf/ clwsf/

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Mode of Acquisition & Transfer of Property
InterestininProperty
Interest Property-;DklQdf
-;DklQdflxt_
lxt_
lwtf]M– ?k}of k};f lng cfgf] ;/;fdfg jf w/ hUuf lwtf]sf] ?kdf ;fDklQs
lwtf]M– ?k}of k};f lng cfgf] ;/;fdfg jf w/ hUuf lwtf]sf] ?kdf ;fDklQs
clwsf/ ;'DkLg'nfO{ lwtf] /fVg' elgG5. pbfx/0fM– b[li6 aGws
clwsf/ ;'DkLg'nfO{ lwtf] /fVg' elgG5. pbfx/0fM– b[li6 aGws
;'ljwflwsf/M– ef]u ug{ kfpg] clwsf/ pbfx/0fM– ;fj{hlgs af6f]df
;'ljwflwsf/M– ef]u ug{ kfpg] clwsf/ pbfx/0fM– ;fj{hlgs af6f]df
lx88'nug{ kfpg] clwsf/
lx88'nug{
k6\6fM–kfpg]
lgl:rt clwsf/
k|ltkmn lbO{ tf]lsPsf] k/a:t'dfly
k6\6fM– lgl:rt k|ltkmn lbO{ tf]lsPsf] clwsf/
;dosf nflu s/f/ åf/f k|of]u ug{ kfpg]
;dosf nflu s/f/ åf/f k|of]u ug{ kfpg]
clwsf/ lng'
clwsf/ lng';fd'lxs enfOsf nflu ;+rflnt ;+yf
u'l7M–
u'l7M– ;fd'lxs enfOsf nflu ;+rflnt ;+yf lwtf] ;'ljwflwsf/ k6\6f u'l7
h;sf] ;Dklt Trustee åf/f rnfOG5.
h;sf] ;Dklt Trustee åf/f rnfOG5.
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 Mode of Acquisition & Transfer of Property
FutureInterest
Future InterestininProperty
PropertyReversion
Reversion&&Remainder
Remainder
-;DklQdfeljiosf]
-;DklQdf eljiosf]lxt,
lxt,pQ/ef]u
pQ/ef]u/ /z]if_
z]if_

k|ltlnlk clwsf/M– cfgf] /rgfsf] cgGo pkof]u / nfesf] ;fDklts

k|ltlnlk clwsf/M– cfgf] /rgfsf] cgGo pkof]u / nfesf] ;fDklts
clwsf/
clwsf/
6]8dfs{M– Jofkfl/s gfd, lrGx cef}lts
6]8dfs{M– Jofkfl/s gfd, lrGx j:t'dfly
VofltM– Jofkfl/s ;b\efjgfsf] clwsf/
VofltM– Jofkfl/s ;b\efjgfsf]
clwsf/ h:t}M Jofkfl/s gfd,
clwsf/ h:t}M Jofkfl/s gfd, k]6]G6
k|ltlnkL 6«]8
Voflt
lrGx clwsf/ dfs{
lrGx
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 Mode of Acquisition & Transfer of Property
Legal&&Equitable
Legal EquitableEstate
Estate
-sfg'lg/ /;fDof
-sfg'lg ;fDof;Dkbf_
;Dkbf_

k|ltlnlk clwsf/M– cfgf] /rgfsf] cgGo pkof]u / nfesf] ;fDklts

k|ltlnlk clwsf/M– cfgf] /rgfsf] cgGo pkof]u / nfesf] ;fDklts
clwsf/
clwsf/
6]8dfs{M– Jofkfl/s gfd, lrGx cef}lts
6]8dfs{M– Jofkfl/s gfd, lrGx j:t'dfly
VofltM– Jofkfl/s ;b\efjgfsf] clwsf/
VofltM– Jofkfl/s ;b\efjgfsf]
clwsf/ h:t}M Jofkfl/s gfd,
clwsf/ h:t}M Jofkfl/s gfd, k]6]G6
k|ltlnkL 6«]8
Voflt
lrGx clwsf/ dfs{
lrGx
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Mode of Acquisition & Transfer of Property
TransferofofProperty
Transfer Property

Natural Law Theory State Created Theory

Metaphysical Theory Psychological Theory

Labour Theory Functional Theory

Historical Theory Loss Theory

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 Property Law
NaturalLaw
Natural LawTheory
Theory
 ;dy{sM uf];; ns, ANofs:6f]g / kkm]G8fkm{ cflb
 ;dy{sM uf];; ns, ANofs:6f]g / kkm]G8fkm{ cflb
 dfgj ;dfhsf] ;[li6sf] k|f/DeLs sfndf rn crn j:t'sf] sf]lx dflns lyPg,
 dfgj ;dfhsf] ;[li6sf] k|f/DeLs sfndf rn crn j:t'sf] sf]lx dflns lyPg,
 k|fs[lts lgod adf]lhd s'g} j:t' ;j{k|yd h;n] k|of]u ug{ nfu] ;f] ;Dklt
 k|fs[lts lgod adf]lhd s'g} j:t' ;j{k|yd h;n] k|of]u ug{ nfu] ;f] ;Dklt
p;}sf] x'b} uof], ;fy;fy} hlxn] ;Dd pkef]u u/] To;a]nf ;Dd p;}sf]
p;}sf] x'b} uof], ;fy;fy} hlxn] ;Dd pkef]u u/] To;a]nf ;Dd p;}sf]
x'Gyf],
x'Gyf],
 sfnfGt/df hg;+Vof a[l4 x'b} hfbf j:t'x? k|ltsf] :yfO{ clwkTo cfj:os
 sfnfGt/df
;DklQsf]hg;+Vof
pTkQL,a[l4 x'b}/ hfbf
pkof]u j:t'x? h:tf
x:tfGt/0f k|ltsf] :yfO{
ljifodf clwkTo/focfj:os
pko'Qm lbg
 ;DklQsf]
x'b}uof].pTkQL, pkof]u / x:tfGt/0f h:tf ljifodf pko'Qm /fo lbg
x'b}uof].
;s]sf] eGb} d]g åf/f cfnf]lrt
;s]sf] eGb} d]g åf/f cfnf]lrt

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 Property Law
LabourTheory
Labour Theory
 ;d{ygM :k]G;/,
 ;d{ygM :k]G;/,
 plrt tl/sfn] >d4f/f cfh{g u/]sf] ;DklQ,
 plrt tl/sfn] >d4f/f cfh{g u/]sf] ;DklQ,
 x/]s JolQmnfO{ >d ul/ ;DklQ cfh{g ug]{ clwsf/ x'G5, h;n] >d
 x/]s JolQmnfO{ >d ul/ ;DklQ cfh{g ug]{ clwsf/ x'G5, h;n] >d
ub{5 ;DklQ dfly p;}sf] clwsf/ x'G5.
ub{5 ;DklQ dfly p;}sf] clwsf/ x'G5.
 ;a} cj:yfdf >d ul/ ;DklQdfly clwsf/ hdfpg ;lsb}g elg cfnf]lrt
 ;a} cj:yfdf >d ul/ ;DklQdfly clwsf/ hdfpg ;lsb}g elg cfnf]lrt
 h:t} :jfld ePsf] j:t', pTvgg\ ul/ vflg km]nf kf/]df hUUffsf] d'No
 h:t} :jfld ePsf] j:t', pTvgg\ ul/ vflg km]nf kf/]df hUUffsf] d'No
a9\g], >ldsnfO{ s]lx k|fKt gx'g]
a9\g], >ldsnfO{ s]lx k|fKt gx'g]

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 Property Law
Historical Theory
Historical Theory
 ;d{ysM x]gl/d]g, /:sf] kfpG8, d]g cflb
 ;d{ysM x]gl/d]g, /:sf] kfpG8, d]g cflb
 klxn] ;+o'Qm jf ;fd'lxs ;DklQ x'g] ub{Yof],
 klxn] ;+o'Qm jf ;fd'lxs ;DklQ x'g] ub{Yof],
 ;dfhsf] ljsf; ;+u} kl/jf/sf] j[l4 x'b}hfbf ;Dklt c+za08f x'g uof] /
 ;dfhsf] ljsf; ;+u} kl/jf/sf] j[l4 x'b}hfbf ;Dklt c+za08f x'g uof] /
j}olQms ;DklQsf] cjwf/0ff clw ;¥of],
j}olQms ;DklQsf] cjwf/0ff clw ;¥of],
 xfnsf] zf]w cg';f/ d]n gvfPsf] egL cfnf]lrt
 xfnsf] zf]w cg';f/ d]n gvfPsf] egL cfnf]lrt

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 Property Law
StateCreated
State CreatedTheory
Theory
 x/]s /fHodf cf–cfg} lglt lgod tyf sfg'gx? th'df ul/Psf] x'G5.
 x/]s /fHodf cf–cfg} lglt lgod tyf sfg'gx? th'df ul/Psf] x'G5.
 ;f]lx lglt lgod adf]lhd ;DklQsf ;DaGwdf klg JofVof ul/Psf] x'G5,
 ;f]lx lglt lgod adf]lhd ;DklQsf ;DaGwdf klg JofVof ul/Psf] x'G5,
h:t}M ;DklQsf] /Iff, ;+/If0f, kl/efiff, x:tfGt/0f ug] tl/sf nufotsf
h:t}M ;DklQsf] /Iff, ;+/If0f, kl/efiff, x:tfGt/0f ug] tl/sf nufotsf
clwsf/ tyf Joj:yfx?
clwsf/ tyf Joj:yfx?
 JolQmx?n] /fHosf] lglt lgodsf] clwgdf /xL cfh{g ug]{x'gfn]
 JolQmx?n] /fHosf] lglt lgodsf] clwgdf /xL cfh{g ug]{x'gfn]
To;df ;Dk'0f{ clwsf/ /fHosf] g} x'G5.
To;df ;Dk'0f{ clwsf/ /fHosf] g} x'G5.
 /fHon] cfkm} ;DklQ l;h{gf ug]{ xf]Og egL cfnf]lrt
 /fHon] cfkm} ;DklQ l;h{gf ug]{ xf]Og egL cfnf]lrt

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 Property Law
PsychologicalTheory
Psychological Theory
 ;d{ysM /:sf]kfp08, j]Gyd
 ;d{ysM /:sf]kfp08, j]Gyd
 kbfy{ cfh{g ul/ lgoGq0f ug]{ :jeflas dfgljo k|j[ltn]
 kbfy{ cfh{g ul/ lgoGq0f ug]{ :jeflas dfgljo k|j[ltn]
;DklQnfO{ cl:tTjdf Nofpb5.
;DklQnfO{ cl:tTjdf Nofpb5.
 of] dfgljo k|j[ltnfO sfg"gn] ljrf/ ul/, o;l/ cfh{]sf] ;Dklt pk/ dflg;nfO{
 of] dfgljo k|j[ltnfO sfg"gn] ljrf/ ul/, o;l/ cfh{]sf] ;Dklt pk/ dflg;nfO{
clwsf/sf ;fy} bfloTj ;d]t k|bfg ub{5.
clwsf/sf ;fy} bfloTj ;d]t k|bfg ub{5.

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 Property Law
FunctionalTheory
Functional Theory

 h'g;'s} ;DklQ klg plrt >dsf] k|of]u ul/ cfh{g u/]df dfq
 h'g;'s} ;DklQ klg plrt >dsf] k|of]u ul/ cfh{g u/]df dfq
cf}lrTok'0f{ x'G5 cGoyf x'b}g,
cf}lrTok'0f{ x'G5 cGoyf x'b}g,
 Labour Theory ;+u} ldNbf] h'Nbf] dfGotf clw ;f/]sf] 5,
 Labour Theory ;+u} ldNbf] h'Nbf] dfGotf clw ;f/]sf] 5,
 ;dfhdf ;DklQsf] ljt/0f plrt 9+uaf6 ul/bf ;fdflhs ;d[l4 x'g] dfGotf
 ;dfhdf ;DklQsf] ljt/0f plrt 9+uaf6 ul/bf ;fdflhs ;d[l4 x'g] dfGotf

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 Property Law
LossTheory
Loss Theory

 ;DklQ cfh{g ug]{ geO{ vr{, vf/]hL tyf 36fpg] af/]df JofVof ug]{,
 ;DklQ cfh{g ug]{ geO{ vr{, vf/]hL tyf 36fpg] af/]df JofVof ug]{,
 ljjfx, s/f/, hkmt, bfg as;, pkfxf/ bfOhf] k]jf ljqmL cflb ljlwaf6
 ljjfx, s/f/, hkmt, bfg as;, pkfxf/ bfOhf] k]jf ljqmL cflb ljlwaf6
;DklQsf] x:tfGt/0f jf ;dfKt x'G5 ;fy} k|fqmLlts k|sf]k af6 ;DklQ x|f;
;DklQsf] x:tfGt/0f jf ;dfKt x'G5 ;fy} k|fqmLlts k|sf]k af6 ;DklQ x|f;
x'G5.
x'G5.

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 Property Law
ConceptofofOwnership
Concept Ownership
;DklQ/ :jfldTj
;DklQ / :jfldTjcGofGof]l>t
cGofGof]l>t;DaGw
;DaGw/fVg]
/fVg]ljifo
ljifo

;
:jfld Dkl
Q
JolQmsf];Dkltdflysf]
JolQmsf] ;Dkltdflysf]sfg"gL
sfg"gLclwsf/nfO{
clwsf/nfO{:jfldTj
:jfldTj
elgG5.
elgG5.
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 Property Law
TypesofofOwnership
Types Ownership

Sole
Sole&&Co–Ownership
Co–Ownership
Absolute
Absolute&&Limited
LimitedOwnership
Ownership
Trust
Trust&&Beneficial
BeneficialOwnership
Ownership
Vested
Vested&&Contingent
ContingentOwnership
Ownership
Legal
Legal&&Equitable
EquitableOwnership
Ownership

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 ;DklQ
Property Law
sfg"g Part 2
Chapter22
Chapter
Deepak Dhakal

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Thanks for
watching

By Deepak Dhakal