SOLAR SYSTEM

ORIGIN AND EVOLUTION

 Keep in mind the guide questions
• Where is the mass of the Solar System concentrated?
• How will you describe the shape of the orbits of the planets?
• Where do planets move around? How do they move ,
clockwise or counter clockwise?
• Do all planets revolve at the same rate? rotate at the same
rate?
• What's the difference between prograde and retrograde?
 SOLAR SYSTEM

we are here
 SOLAR SYSTEM
8 planets

one star

178 known moons

 SOLAR SYSTEM

3319 comets

5 dwarf planets

670 452 asteroids

 SOLAR SYSTEM
• located within the milky way
• is located about 25, 000 light years to the
galactic center and 25, 000 light years away from
the rim
• revolves around the galactic center once in
about 240 million years
• 4.6 billion years old
Features of the Solar System

1. much of the mass of the solar

system (98.80 %) is concentrated
at the center while angular momentum
is held by the outer planets
 Features of the Solar System

• orbits of the planets are in the same plane and is elliptical

• all planets revolve around the sun
• the periods of the revolution of the planets increase with an
increasing distance
• all planets are located at regular intervals from the sun
 Features of the Solar System
• most planets rotate prograde
 Features of the Solar System
• Terrestrial planets
• high densities
• thin or no atmospheres
• rotate slowly
• rocky materials
• poor in ices
 Features of the Solar system
• Jovian Planets
• low densities
• thick atmosphere
• rotate rapidly
• many natural satellites
• ice-rich
 NEBULAR HYPOTHESIS
• proposed by Emmanuel Swedenborg, Immanuel Kant, Pierre-
Simon Laplace in 1700s

• “ A rotating cloud of gas and dust that cools and contracts in

the middle to form the sun and the rest into a disc that
become the planets”
 a. supernova and formation of the
primordial dust cloud

b. condensation of primordial dust

clouds. Forms disc- shaped nebular
cloud rotating counter clockwise
c. protosun and planets begin to form

d. accretion of planetisimals and

differentiation of planets and moons

e. existing solar system takes shape

Evidences that support to support nebular
hypotheses:
1. planets and moons revolve in a counter clockwise
direction.
2. Almost all planets and moons rotate in their own axis
in countercockwise direction.
3. Planetary orbits are aligned along the sun's equatorial
plane.
 ENCOUNTER HYPOTHESIS
• proposed by Chamberlain and Moulton

• “ The planets formed from the debris torn off the Sun by a
close encounter with another star.”

• “That our planets, moons, and sun all spun off from a collision
between stars.”
 rogue star passes close to the Sun

gas is tidally removed from both

rogue star and Sun

rogue star material is less dense and

becomes the outer Solar System
planets

inner Solar System material is more is more

dense and become the terrestrial planets
 PROTOPLANET HYPOTHESIS
• developed by Carl von Weizsacker and Gerard Kuiper

• “ The Solar System begins to form, as a rotating cloud, or nebula

collapses. But instabilities develop in the nebula causing dust
particles to pull together. Then the dust particles merge into
billions of planetisimals then collide and form protoplanets. At
the center of the nebular disc, the protosun increases in mass
and becomes a star by the process of hydrogen fusion.
 Assessment
1. Where is the mass of the Solar System concentrated?
2. How will you describe the shape of the orbits of the planets?
3. Where do planets move around? How do they move ,
clockwise or counter clockwise?
4. Do all planets revolve at the same rate? rotate at the same
rate?
5. What's the difference between prograde and retrograde?
 Answer
1. At the center ( sun)
2. orbits are elliptical
3. planets revolve around the sun and at the same plane
most planets rotate prograde
4. no, innermost planets revolve faster
innermost planets rotate slower
5. prograde - counter clockwise
retrograde - clockwise