DEVELOPMENTAL

BIOLOGY
By;Asit Kumar.
EXTRA EMBRYONIC MEMBRANE IN BIRDS
 An embryonic membrane is one of the membrane which assist in the development of embryo.
 these membrane are present from human to insect.
 They originates from embryo and perform roles in nutrition, gas exchange and waste
removal.

Types;-
There are 4 standard extra embryonic membrane in birds, reptiles and mammals.
1. The yolk sac which surrounds yolks.
2. The amnion which surrounds the embryo.
3. The allantois which stores the wastes of embryo and assist in exchange of oxygen
and carbon dioxide.
4. The chorion which surrounds all of these and later it merges with allantois.

created by ; Asit Kumar.

 The amnion protects the embryo in a sac filled with amniotic fluid.
 The yolk sac contains yolk, which is source of food until hatching.
 The chorion lines the inner-surface of shell and participate in exchange of
oxygen and carbon dioxide.
 The allantois stores metabolic wastes of the embryo and later it participate in
gas exchange.
 with these four membrane, the developing embryo is able to carry on essential
metabolism while sealed within egg.

created by;Asit Kumar.

Extra Embryonic Membrane In Chiks.
 The embryo of chicks posseses 4 extraembryonic foetal membrane.
1. The yolk sac
2. The allantois.
3. The amnion.
4. The serosa or chorion.

created by; Asit Kumar.

 The amnion and serosa are retained in birds.
 All the extraembryonic membrane are discarded at hatching while the yolk
sac is in corporated into small intestine.
 As the development goes on, the closely set ectoderm and somato-pleure
(somato mesoderm) as well as the endoderm and splachno-pleure (splachno
mesoderm) extended into the extraembryonic area.
 The developing embryo becomes located , at the central area of blastodisc.
 The embryo becomes separated by undercotting grooves formed by limiting
body fold.
 These folds initiate with the formation of cresentic head fold which extends
backwards, as the body folds.
 The body fold merges with the tail fold.
 By this way, the embryo undercoat and separates itself from the underlying
yolk mass.

created by; Asit Kumar.