Be angry, and do not sin.

Meditate within your

heart on your bed, and be
still.
Psalm 4:4  (NKJV)
Limits involving radical function
•When
  evaluating a limit involving a radical function, use direct
substitution to see if a limit can be evaluated whenever
possible. If not, other methods to evaluate the limit need to
be explored.
Take the Following function
Find the
3

Therefore, which could have determined by directly

evaluating by using Direct Method.
•   find
Now

If the case is direct substitution there is no need for

alternative methods.
•  

Using direct substitution to find the limit results in the

indeterminate form To transform radical expression to a
better form, use the fact that the value of x is going to larger
and larger positive values.
Therefore
•   =
=
Therefore,
•Take
  the function, Find the

Using the direct substitution to find the limit results in

the indeterminate form

In order to evaluate the limit, we need to transform

the expression to remove the indeterminate form.
This is accomplished by using the relationship for the
difference of squares of real numbers:
•…use
  the difference of squares factoring to remove
the 0 in the denominator.
•Lets
  find the end behavior of the same function, i.e

As x increases to large positive values, the function

takes on the indeterminate form .
The Transformation above can also be used to
evaluate the limit (Approach 1), as well as technique
used in evaluating rational functions (Approach 2).
•  
Approach 1

Approach 2
=

We find out that

•  
Example 2
Find
Using direct substitution to find the limit of the function results in
the indeterminate form . To transform the radical expression to a
better form.
Rationalize the numerator: multiply by the
conjugate of the numerator

Therefore Find
RATIONAL
FUNCTION
•  
Sometimes finding the limit of a rational at point is difficult
because evaluating the function at the point leads to
denominator equal to zero.

Theorem: The Limit of a Rational Function

For the rational function and any real number

However, if q(a)=0 then the function may or may not have

any outputs that exist.
•  
Example 1). Find
Using the theorem, we simply substitute
= = -1

Example 2).
Notice that the domain of the function is continuous(defined) at all
real number at .
if we check the one sided limits we see that the limits and
limits are not equal, the limit does not exist.
•  
Example 3). Find
Notice that the function here is discontinuous at that is,
the denominator is zero at
However, it is possible to remove this discontinuity by
cancelling the factor from both numerator and
denominator and taking the limit:
= =(

This is a common technique used to find the limits of

rational functions that are discontinuous at some points.
When finding the limit of a rational function, always check
the function can be simplified.
•  
Example 1). Find
The numerator and the denominator are both equal to zero at but there is
common factor that can be removed(that is, we can simplify the rational
function):
=

Example 2). Find

…Start by factoring the numerator
Since we have (x+2) in both numerator and denominator,
we know that the original function is equal to just except where it is undefined (-
2).
Therefore the closer we get to substituting -2, the closer we get to the same
output value, whether from the + or – side.
To find the value, just solve
=-(-2)+4
•  
Example 3). Find
…start by factoring the numerator
Since we have ( in both numerator and denominator, we
know that the original function is equal to just except
where it is undefined (1).
Therefore the closer we get to in puting 1, the closer we get
to the same value, whether from the + or – side.
To find the value, just solve for
 Activities
•1).  Find the limits of radical function

2). Find the rational function

Find