INDUSTRIAL

ENGINEERING
WORKING CONDITION
FACTORY VISIT
• PINAX STEEL INDUSTRIES.
• Headquarters in Kolkata.
• One of the leading manufacturer in
steel industries.
• They have two steel manufacturing
plant in Patna and Bihta.
• They also have their paper mill in
Durgapur.

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OCCUPATIONAL
SAFETY

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 PARAMETERS OBSERVATION
• Provide employees with • They give periodic training to all
adequate training to protect the employees.
themselves and their
colleagues.
• Regular working and health
• Employers should make the
surveillance is not performed.
necessary arrangements to
provide for regular surveillance
of the working environment,
and health surveillance

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 PARAMETERS OBSERVATION
• Workers should have the right to • Yes, they do have right to
remove themselves from danger remove themselves if they find
resulting from the production of iron the workplace unsafe.
and steel when they have
reasonable justification to believe
that there is an imminent and • All occupational injuries are
serious risk to their safety and
handled well by the organization
health and that of other people.
and the injured worker is taken
• Workers must be provided with to nearby hospital.
adequate medical treatment and
compensation for occupational
injuries and diseases resulting from
the production of iron and steel.

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 PARAMETERS OBSERVATION

• Workers should be advised • There were water filters at several

of the importance of places.
drinking sufficient
quantities of suitable liquid
and the dietary
requirements providing
intake of salt and potassium
and other elements that are
depleted due to sweating.

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FIRE PREVENTION

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 PARAMETERS OBSERVATION
• Every workplace should have an • No emergency plan.
emergency plan with information
detailing the role of every worker in
case of a fire or other emergency.

• There should be at least two clear, • Two exists were there but it was
properly marked, unobstructed exits obstructed and uncleared.
leading to areas of safety.

• There must be a way of notifying • No alarm system installed.

personnel of a need to evacuate,
such as an alarm system. This should
produce a sufficiently loud signal for
all workers to hear the alarm.

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 PARAMETERS OBSERVATION
• The right type of fire extinguisher should • There were two ABC
always be provided in adequate numbers powder extinguishers in the whole
for the given risk, and placed accordingly. working premise.
Every worker should have hands-on
training concerning the proper use of the
extinguisher, including both when and
when not to use it.

• The provision of automatic fire • No sprinklers.

protection such as sprinklers has proved
to be very effective in protecting escape
routes for workers.

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 PARAMETERS OBSERVATION
• The most hazardous procedures • There was automatic shut off
are during the firing-up and mechanism for furnace.
shutting-down procedures. Gas-
fired furnaces should have
safeguards to ensure that unspent
fuel does not accumulate and
ignite. The fuel supply to gas- or
oil-fired furnaces should be fitted
with an automatic shut-off
mechanism.

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LAYOUT

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 P I N A X L AYO U T

GENERATOR

m/c MACHINE
150 ft.

200 ft. 12
 PARAMETERS
• In developing a layout, emphasis
should be placed on the principle of
isolating any operation which is
hazardous or constitutes a nuisance.
• Wherever possible, work premises
should be above ground level and
equipped with windows having a
surface area of not less than 17 per
cent of the floor area.
OBSERVATION
• Both the stabilizer and generator were kept in a
corner beside the second exit, away from
working premises. The stabilizer was situated in
a room of area approximately 100sq.ft. . The
walls were perforated so there should be a sight
of emergency and also for cross ventilation.
Generator(silent) was set up just outside the
stabilizer in open with steel shade to prevent
rainwater from damaging it.
• Furnace was above ground level.
No windows in work premise.
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 PARAMETERS
• Minimum ceiling height should not
be less than 3 metres and each
worker should have at least 10
cubic metres of air (or more where
temperatures or the level of
atmospheric pollution are high).
• For the purposes of accident
prevention, it is important to ensure
that each worker has an adequate
minimum free-floor area which
should not be less than 2 square
metres per person.
OBSERVATION
• Ceiling was at approximately 6 metres
high. And since the machines were not
enclosed, all the workers had enough of
air around them.
• There was enough space around
workers as each machine was kept at a
distance to each other.
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 PARAMETERS
• Walls and ceilings should have a
finish which prevents the
accumulation of dirt, avoids
moisture absorption, reduces noise
transmission; floor coverings
should be of the non-slip and easy-
to-clean type and should have
good electrical and thermal
insulation properties.
OBSERVATION
• Walls, ceilings had dust free finish,
avoids moisture absorption, reduces
noise transmission. The floor was
paved with cement bricks so it had no-
slip and insulated both electrically and
thermally .
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 GOOD
HOUSEKEEPING

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 PARAMETERS OBSERVATION

• Unnecessary items should • Unnecessary items were not properly

be disposed of and other placed, it was kept on the working
rarely used items collected area carelessly.
and stored in a suitable
manner.
• Tools and equipment should • Tools were kept at the place of the use
be arranged in a way that to prevent the loss of any and extra
time required in finding it.
allows easy access and
return to their designated
place.

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 PARAMETERS
• Gangways and passages should be kept
clear and the floor painted with lines at
least 5 cm wide that distinguish them as
such. Depots and storage areas should
be similarly marked. Toxic matter should
be painted in a different colour to
identify it as such.
OBSERVATION
• No aisle space was there. Storage areas
were marked and also they had different
colour paint on toxic matter for
identification.

• Working clothes should also be kept • No clean working clothes.

clean in order to reduce the skin-
absorption hazard of certain toxic
substances and the problem of skin
sensitization and chronic or acute
irritation.

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 PARAMETERS OBSERVATION

• Workers exposed to toxic substances • They had no change of clothes, they

should have twin-compartment worked in their regular clothing.
clothing lockers to keep their
working clothes separate from their
other clothes. It is advisable to
provide a centralized laundry service
for working clothes in plants using
highly toxic substances.

• Adequate toilet facilities should be • They had their assigned quarter

provided no farther than 75 metres within 75 metres.
from work areas.

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VENTILATION AND
LIGHTNING

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 PARAMETERS OBSERVATION
• General lighting units should • General lights were installed at a
preferably be mounted as high as height of 4-5 metres.
possible.

• For uniform light distribution, • Since the production in this case is

install an independent switch for done during night hours so there is
the row of lighting fixtures closest no scope of natural light and also no
need of independent switches as all
to the windows. This allows the
lights are being kept on, all the time.
lights to be switched on and off
depending on whether or not
natural light is sufficient.

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 PARAMETERS OBSERVATION
• The raw material and the machineries
• To prevent glare, avoid using highly were of iron and steel and were not shiny
shiny, glossy work surfaces. or glossy.

• Use localized lighting in order to

achieve the desired level for a • There were extra tube lights at each
particular fine job. process.

• Clean light fixtures regularly and • Light fixtures were clean.

follow a maintenance schedule so
as to prevent flickering of old bulbs
and electrical hazards due to worn
out cables.

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 PARAMETERS OBSERVATION

• There was natural ventilation on the

• Providing good ventilation ceiling, the ceiling all across had space in
between.

• All workers had a large fans mounted

• Installation of industrial coolers
as majority of the respondents
are uncomfortable with the
indoor climate caused by heat.
beside them which can be shifted as
required. Workers at furnace were
provide two of these which collectively
pushed the hot air away and up trough
the ceiling.

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NOISE AND
VIBRATION

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 PARAMETERS OBSERVATION

• The most effective method of noise • The machines were lubricated

control is to reduce the noise at once in month and also if required
source by, for example, replacing special attention.
noisy machines or equipment by
less noisy ones
• The second method is to prevent • There was no such thing as noise-
or reduce noise transmission by absorbent barriers installed.
the installation of noise-absorbent
barriers between the noise source
and the worker or by isolating the
noise source in separate premises
or a soundproofed enclosure.

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 PARAMETERS OBSERVATION
• Personal noise protection consists • No, workers were not provided with ear
of ear-plugs made from material plugs.
such as glass fibre or foam plastic,
or earmuffs which provide a
reduction in noise of up to 20 dB.

• Workers who are systematically • No workers was exposed to noise above

exposed to noise levels above the danger level, also the shift was renewed at
danger level should receive a 2hrs so there is rest in standing in the
periodic audiometric examination. noise.
This examination can help to
identify at an early stage individuals
whose hearing has been affected.

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ERGONOMICS

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• There was a crane at the raw materials’ inventory connected to a channel which
helped transferring the raw materials nearer to the furnace.

• Small iron chair was present at the point where workers feed the raw materials inside
the furnace.

• Job rotation in every 2hrs is being practised.

• There were fans near each machine to low down the heat.

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WORKING TIME

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• Factory worked all the seven days of the week.

• The main production work was done after 6 PM.

• The working time was shift wise. Each shift of two hours.

• Workers were replaced after every shift. Therefore no additional rest time
was given.

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 WORK RELATED
WELFARE FACILITIES

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• Medical care was provided for the workers and his family members.
• They were given quarters. It was inside the factory.

• There were given festival advances.

• Each one of them were provided with bicycles.

• There was a canteen situated on the 1st floor of the building in which the
factory office was present.

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 THANK YOU

S U B M I T T E D BY:
A K A N K S H A K U M A R I ( B F T/ 1 8 / 1 6 2 7 )
P R I N C E ( B F T/ 1 8 / 5 1 3 )
S N E H A M A H T O ( B F T/ 1 8 / 1 1 5 7 )
S O M YA ( B F T/ 1 8 / 5 2 6 )
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