Explain how globalisation has resulted in

increasing environmental degradation (6)

 Explain how globalisation has resulted in
increasing environmental degradation (6)

- TNCs exploiting lax laws in LICs – industrial pollution, waste,

air quality
- Growth of megacities (deforestation, loss of productive land,
biodiversity and ecosystems, congestion)
- TNCs growing in power in HICs and ‘bullying’ nation state
- HIC deindustrialisation and lower quality of urban
environment
- Global supply chain/Food miles/air miles
- Examples to back up – Megacity (Mumbai/Karachi, TNC e.g.)
 Problems of Globalisation

Comment
Describe the oninhow
changing trends thisandmight
consumers have
population
implications for the environment
Ecological footprints – A measure of the land area and water
resources a population needs to produce what it consumes
Ecological footprint – is a measure of the amount of land and water that a
population needs in order to produce the resources that it consumes, and to
absorb its waste, with existing technology
 Sustainability and Localism

LO: To evaluate localism and other strategies that

promote sustainability in a globalised world
What do we mean by sustainability?
 Localism
Strategies being used at a local level to
offset the negative and unsustainable
impacts of globalisation

Can you think of any?

 The local sourcing
1. Local solution
Sourcing
Explore the costs and benefits of local sourcing.
1) Sort the cards into costs and benefits of local
sourcing
2) Colour code these costs and benefits into social,
economic and environmental
3) What different players are benefitting here?
4) How does local sourcing help to offset the
negative impacts of globalisation?
 Local Sourcing - Edit
Buying locally reduces the demand for TNC Shorter supply chains should boost
goods and those made in LICs (harms predictability of delivery times and lower
employment and economic growth in LICs) costs
Money spent on local businesses will more Locally sourced goods reduce transportation
likely stay and be spent again in the local distance and air miles cutting down air
economy (multiplier effect) rather than pollution and use of fossil fuels
going to TNC HQ

There might not be much local competition Easier for face to face communication
for the product meaning higher prices and between buyer and supplier building trust
inefficiencies and good business relationships
Easier to know the practices and standards Can make it harder to terminate contracts
of local producers (ensure they meet because it could cause local tensions and
environmental and ethical standards) – conflict
also no lax laws to be exploited

Supplier may come to depend too much on Local suppliers that are small businesses may
local buyers leading to complacency and be less efficient with restricted economies of
inefficiency scale
 Case Study – Bristol Pound
The Bristol Pound was a currency introduced in 2012
just for the Bristol area.
It aims to encourage people to spend money on local,
independent businesses rather than TNCs as the
currency can only be spent locally.

What are the costs and benefits of this

strategy?
 Case Study – Bristol Pound
Benefits – Reduces transportation of goods and
pollution (air miles etc.), reduces demand for TNC goods
exploiting workers and the environment (lax laws) in
LICs. Also promotes self-sufficiency, local cohesion and
boosts local economy as money is retained and spent in
local economy (multiplier effect – every £10 worth £23,
little ‘economic leakage’)
Costs – Consumers face higher prices as TNCs can better
local businesses (EOS), it can be seen as ‘exclusive’ and
by reducing demand for TNC products may harm
employment and economic growth in LICs. Some
products are more efficiently produced elsewhere from
environmental viewpoint (e.g. flowers, fruit etc.)
 The local Action
2. Local sourcing solution
– WinACC
WinACC (Winchester Action on Climate Change) is
trying to offset the negative environmental impact of
consumerism. It does this by:
• Lobbying for better public transport and
sustainable, renewable energy schemes
• Educating people about energy reduction (and
saving £!)
• Working with the council to support a more low-
carbon economy
• Creating local community EcoGroups in Winchester
(5-6 individuals) who reduce the local carbon
footprints
 3. Transition Towns
Task - Read the article on Transition towns and
highlight:
• Social, economic and environmental positives
created by transition towns.

What could the limitations of transition towns be?

After you have read the article:
A transition town is…
 The3.
local sourcingTowns
Transition solution
• A transition town is a community project that tries to
promote sustainability in response to globalisation
• Transition away from the global economy which harms
sustainability and local community towards the local
economy which boosts sustainability and local
community – ‘food feet not food miles’
• Totnes in Devon was world’s first transition town in
2006 but now there are 1000 towns in 50 countries
• Towns try to reduce consumption, waste and fossil fuel
dependence and use local goods and services
Are transition towns sustainable?
 Sustainability and Localism

LO: To evaluate localism and other strategies that

promote sustainability in a globalised world
 Jan 12

Jan 12
Study figure 9. Suggest why increasing numbers of people support green
strategies such as this (10)
 Assessment

Assess the extent to which

localism can minimise the
environmental costs of
globalisation (12)