DXRM

NEWSBREAKER101
PAMA, NALUGON, ALKUINO, SENIOR, VILLOTA, LIBO-ON, MATA, HIMANG
DXRM
NEWSBREAKER101
PAMA, NALUGON, ALKUINO, SENIOR, VILLOTA, LIBO-ON, MATA, HIMANG
 WHAT IS PERENNIALISM?
 a teacher-centered educational philosophy
that focuses on everlasting ideas and universal truths

 aims to prepare students for life by developing their

intellectual and moral qualities through emphasizing
knowledge and the meaning of knowledge, servings to
enhance student’s critical thinking skills in their search for
individual freedoms, human rights and responsibilities
through nature.
 .

RAMIL VILLOTA
DXRM
NEWSBREAKER101 PERENNIALISM
 Brief Background of the Proponent/s
History’s finest thinkers and writers.
Aristotle, Socrates, Plato, Thomas Aquinas
Thomas Aquinas
 he first developed perennialism in 13th century (De
Magistro) s
Robert Maynard Hutchins (1899 – 1977)
 American educational philosopher.
 one of the most influential members of the school of
secular perennialism.
Mortimer Jerome Adler (1902-2001)
 American philosopher, educator & educator
 worked within Aristotelian &  Thomistic traditions

RAMIL VILLOTA
DXRM
NEWSBREAKER101 PERENNIALISM
 CHARACTERISTICS

God and education goes together hand in hand

Schooling may come to an end but a person will never
stop learning
Also a subject-centered philosophy
Focus on developing the thinking skills of students.
s
Lecture, question and answer are common instructional
methods
Environment play a big role in teaching

 .

RAMIL VILLOTA
DXRM
NEWSBREAKER101 PERENNIALISM
 WHY TEACH?
We are all rational animals. Schools should, therefore, develop students’
rational and moral power. According to Aristotle, if we neglect the students’
reasoning skills, we deprive them of the ability to use their higher faculties to
control their passions and appetites.

WHAT TO TEACH?
Perennialist curriculum is a universal one on the view that all human beings possess
the same essential nature. It is heavy on the humanities, one general education. It is not
a specialist curriculum but rather a general one. There is less emphasis on vocational
and technical education.
HOW TO TEACH?
The perennialist classroom are centered around teachers”. the teacher will
focus on the importance of reading and will often use the underlying reading
lessons to make a moral point. These teachers want to teach their students
how to be excellent leaders in the society just like history portrays.

RAMIL VILLOTA
DXRM
NEWSBREAKER101 PERENNIALISM
DXRM
NEWSBREAKER101
 WHAT IS ESSENTIALISM?
 Refers to the "traditional" or "Back to the Basics" approach to education.
 It is a concept that focuses on primary and basic teaching.
 It strives to instill students with the "essentials" of academic knowledge
and character development.
 It requires students to master a body of information and basic techniques,
gradually moving from less to more complex skills and detailed
knowledge.
 The term essentialism as an educational philosophy was originally
popularized in the 1930s by the American educator William Bagley

 .

DAVE NALUGON
DXRM
NEWSBREAKER101 ESSENTIALISM
 Brief Background of the Proponent/s

 William Chandler Bagley (March 15, 1874 – July 1, 1946)

 An American educator and editor, was born in Detroit, United States.
 In 1985 he graduated from Michigan State Agricultural College.
 In 1898 he completed M.S. in Psychology from the University of
Wisconsin
 In 1900 he was awarded Ph.D. by Cornell University in 1900.
 In 1901 he worked as principal of Meramec Elementary School in St.
Louis, Missouri for 1 year

 .

DAVE NALUGON
DXRM
NEWSBREAKER101 ESSENTIALISM
 Brief Background of the Proponent/s

 In 1902, he accepted his first professorship as director of the Teacher

Practice School and professor of psychology at the Montana State Normal
School in Dillon, Montana.
 In 1917 he began his final academic appointment at Teachers College,
Columbia University, where he joined a stellar education faculty that
included such prominent scholars as John Dewey, Edward L. Thorndike,
William Heard Kilpatrick, and George D. Strayer.
 In 1938 he founded Essentialism with his colleagues to counteract some
of the extreme tendencies of Progressive education.
 In 1939 he retired as professor of Teachers College.
 .  In 1946 he died at the age of 72, in New York City.

DAVE NALUGON
DXRM
NEWSBREAKER101 ESSENTIALISM
 WHY TEACH?
Essentialism contends teachers to teach students to acquire basic knowledge,
skill and values. Teachers teach not to reshape the society but rather to
transmit the traditional moral values and intellectual knowledge that students
need to become model citizens.

WHAT TO TEACH?
The emphasis is on academic content for students to learn the basic skills or the
fundamental R’s- Reading, ‘Riting, ‘Rithmetic, Right Conduct – as these are essential
to the acquisition of higher or more complex skills needed in preparation for adult life

HOW TO TEACH?
Essentialist teachers emphasize mastery of subject matter. They are expected
 . to intellectual and moral models of their students. They are seen as “fountain of
information” and “paragon of virtue”. To gain mastery of basic skills, teachers
have to observe “core requirements, longer school day, and longer academic
year”.

DAVE NALUGON
DXRM
NEWSBREAKER101 ESSENTIALISM
DXRM
NEWSBREAKER101
 WHAT IS PROGRESSIVISM?
 a theory of education that is concerned with “learning
by doing” that children learn best when pursuing their
own interests and satisfying their own needs

 the educational philosophy which is grounded in the

“pure” philosophy of pragmatism

 focuses on real world problem solving and individual

development

LARRY SENIOR
DXRM
NEWSBREAKER101 PROGRESSIVISM
 Brief Background of the Proponent/s
John Dewey
• An American philosopher, psychologist
and educational reformer.
• His philosophy base on pragmatism.
• He was the father of educational
psychology.
• He introduce progressive method of
teaching.
• He believed that book learning was no
substitute for actually doing things.

LARRY SENIOR
DXRM
NEWSBREAKER101 PROGRESSIVISM
 WHY TEACH?
To develop the personality of an individual through providing a democratic
environment in the educational institutions. An all-round development of a child
Education of the whole man, or whole personality which include the physical,
emotional, social and intellectual aspects of an individual.

WHAT TO TEACH?
It should be based on the actual giving environment to the child. It must reflect his
daily life. The curriculum is interdisciplinary in nature. Books and subject matter were
part of the learning process rather than sources of ultimate knowledge.

HOW TO TEACH?
Progressivist teachers employ experiential methods. They believe that one
 . learns by doing.

LARRY SENIOR
DXRM
NEWSBREAKER101 PROGRESSIVISM
DXRM
NEWSBREAKER101
 WHAT IS EXISTENTIALISM?
 A philosophy that emphasize the uniqueness and isolation of an
individual experience in a hostile or indifferent univers, regards
human existence as unexplainable freedom of choice and
responsibility for the consequence of one’s act.
 Helps students develop the ability to make informed and
reasoned decisions for themselves and the common good.
 Prepared students for thier role as citizens and decision
makers in a diverse democratic society.

 .

KIRBIE PAMA
DXRM
NEWSBREAKER101 EXISTENTIALISM
 Brief Background of the Proponent/s
 Soren kierkegaard (1813-1855) danish philosopher burn in
cupenhagen the father of existentialism, human existence is
always individual in character, never social, man function, grows,
develops make choices, suffers, experiences intense feelins, and
faces god as a individual, life is not a problem to be solved but a
reality to be experience.

 Jean-Paul Sauteed (1905-1980) french philosopher and principal

spokesman for the existentialist movement in post-war france,an
atheistic existentialist.
 .

KIRBIE PAMA
DXRM
NEWSBREAKER101 EXISTENTIALISM
 WHY TEACH?
The basic aim of existentialist education is to develop a sense of commitment
to free choice and to prepare child for social adjustment. Education should be
such that it makes the student able to see beyond personal interest and goal.
WHAT TO TEACH?
Existentialism in education is a teaching and learning philosophy that focuses on the
student’s freedom and agency to choose their future.
Existentialist educators believe there is no good or higher power guiding their students.
Thus, they encourage all students to exercise personal agency and create their own
meaning for their life.

HOW TO TEACH?
Existentialism encourage individual creativity and imagination more than
 . copying and imitating established models. Creativity is an expression of one
self, in teaching values teachers employ values clarification strategy to help
students know themselves and their place in society.

KIRBIE PAMA
DXRM
NEWSBREAKER101 EXISTENTIALISM
DXRM
NEWSBREAKER101
 WHAT IS BEHAVIORISM?
 Behaviorism, also known as behavioral psychology, is a theory of
learning which states all behaviors are learned through interaction
with the environment through a process called conditioning.

 Behaviorism is primarily concerned with observable behavior, as

opposed to internal events like thinking and emotion.

 .

CHRISTIAN DAVE LIBO-ON

DXRM
NEWSBREAKER101 BEHAVIORISM
 Brief Background of the Proponent/s
John Broadus Watson, who lived from 1879 to 1958, was an
American psychologist who is considered the father of the
psychological school of behaviorism.
 according to him, behaviorism was the science of observable
behavior. Only behavior that could be observed, recorded and
measured was of any real value for the study of humans. Watson's
behaviorist theory focused not on the internal emotional and
psychological conditions of students, but rather on their external
and outward behaviors.
 .

CHRISTIAN DAVE LIBO-ON

DXRM
NEWSBREAKER101 BEHAVIORISM
 WHY TEACH?
The goal of behavioristic teaching methods is to manipulate the environment of
a subject a human or an animal in an effort to change the subject's observable
behavior. The role of the teacher is to manipulate the environment in an effort
to encourage the desired behavioral changes.
WHAT TO TEACH?
Behaviorists believe that if teachers provide positive reinforcement, or rewards,
whenever students perform a desired behavior, they will learn to perform the behavior
on their own. The same concept applies to punishments. Behaviorism as a Philosophy
of Education Behaviorism is a branch of psychology that, when applied to a classroom
setting, focuses on conditioning student behavior with various types of behavior
reinforcements and consequences called operant conditioning.

HOW TO TEACH?
 . (1)Compliment Good Behavior. The simplest way in which to apply positive
reinforcement is to praise a student when she behaves well or successfully completes a
task.(2) Support Praise with Evidence. (3) Utilize Negative Reinforcement. (4)Apply
Unpleasant Consequences When Necessary.

CHRISTIAN DAVE LIBO-ON

DXRM
NEWSBREAKER101 BEHAVIORISM
DXRM
NEWSBREAKER101
KYNTH RAY HIMANG AYA T. MATA
DXRM ANCHORS
NEWSBREAKER101
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ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2020
DXRM
NEWSBREAKER101
KERBIE PAMA
NAVE NALUGON
RAMIL VILLOTA
AYA MATA
LARRY SENIOR
KRISTIAN GELMAR ALKUINO
CHRISTIAN DAVE LIBO-ON
KYNTH RAY HIMANG