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𝑶𝒖𝒕𝒑𝒖𝒕
𝑷𝒓𝒐𝒅𝒖𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒗𝒊𝒕𝒚=
𝑰𝒏𝒑𝒖𝒕
Single-factor productivity:
Multi-factor productivity:
All-factor productivity:
Single-factor productivity
Single-factor productivity:
If we produce only one product, the numerator can be either the total units of
the product or the total $ value of the product. If we produce several products,
the numerator is the total $ value of all products.
The denominator can be the units of input or the total $ value of input.
Example: Single Factor Productivity
Labor Productivity:
Quantity (or value) of output / labor hrs
Quantity (or value) of output / shift
Machine Productivity:
Quantity (or value) of output / machine hrs
Energy Productivity:
Quantity (or value of output) / kwh
Capital Productivity
Quantity (or value) of output / value of input
All-factor productivity
All-factor productivity:
If we produce only one product, the numerator can be either the total units of
product or total $ value of the product.
Productivity Growth=
Exercise: Productivity
1. A company that makes shopping carts for supermarkets recently purchased new equipment,
which reduced the labor content needed to produce the carts. Information concerning the old
system (before adding the new equipment) and the new system (after adding the new
machines) includes:
Old System New System
Output/hr 80 84
Workers 5 4
Wage $/hr 10 10
Machine $/hr 40 50
a) Compute labor productivity for both the Old System and the New System (in every possible
way).
b) Compute AFP productivity for both the Old System and the New System.
c) Suppose production with old equipment was 30 units of cart A at a price of $100 per cart, and
50 units of cart B at a price of $120. Also suppose that production with new equipment is 50
units of cart A, at a price of $100 per cart, and 34 units of cart B at a price of $120. Compare all-
factor productivity for the old and the new systems.
Exercise: Productivity
What are the factors that affect
productivity?
Training Methods
Technology Management