MODAL PERFECT

Modal Perfect ada 4

1.Should have
2.Could have
3.Must have
4.Might have
Should have
Pattern
Subject+should have +Verb Past Participle+ object (verbal sentence)
Subject+should have + been + adjective/adverb/noun phrase (nominal
sentence)
Function :
To express the belief that an event or situation was right and
desirable.However it didn’t happen.
Example :
1.I couldn’t do the math test this morning because I hadn’t studied hard.
I should have studied hard last night.
2.I hurt my back because I had carried a heavy load.
I should not have carried the heavy load.
Could have
Pattern
Subject + could have + Ver Past Pareticiple + Object (verbal sentence)
Subject + could + have + been adjective/adverb/noun phrase (nominal sentence.
Function
To show that the subject had the opportunity or capability of doing something but for some
reason she/he didn’t do it.
Example
1.Ann was here with you.You could ask her to help you but you didn’t.
You could have asked Ann to help you.
2. You went to a shop which sold unexpensive things and brought a lot of money.
But you didn’t buy anything.
You could have bought something cheap there.
3.Your school team had a good ability in playing football.But it was defeated by the other
team becaude it didn’t have practice.
Your schoo team could have won the fottball game if it had a paractice.
Must have
Pattern
Subject + must have + Verb Past Participle + Object (Verbal sentence).
Subjectt + must have + been +adjective/qdverb/noun phrase (nominal sentence)
Function :
To express a conclusion of the past activity with certainty.
Example :
1. Yesterday I phone Ari , but there was no answer.
She must have been asleep.
2. I rode my motorcycle through that road but the road was muddy and floody.
I think it must have rained hard last night.
3. I found a man buying a lot of thing in the shop without bargaining.
I think the man must have been a rich man.
Might have
Pattern
Subject + might have +verb past partciple +object .(verbal sentence)
Subject + might have + been adjective/adverb/noun phrase. (nominal sentence.
Function:
To conclude tha past activity that there as a possibility that was a little certainty.
Example :
1. I didn’t see Vita this morning.
She might have been in the library.
2. Mita was not in the class during the lesson.
She might have been sick.
3. The car could not run when I used it.
It might have been broken
Exercises
Make sentences using should have based on the follwowing situation.
Example ;
There was an important meeting yesterday.You decided not too go.That was a mistake.
_________________________
Answer : You should have come to the meeting.

1. Dani left the bird’s cage door open when he was clleaning it.The bird flew away.That was a
mistake. __________________________
2. Nina felt dizzy.I told her to see a doctor.But she didn’t follow my advise.Now she gets a
terrible headache. _______________________
3. I didn’t come to Meggy’s birtday party yesterday.That made her feel bad. I am sorry I didn’t
come there. _________________________
4. Mr.Danar sold his car.That was a mistake because now he can not afford to buy a new
one. _____________________
5. It was raining when you went home.You decided not to wear raincoat. It was a mistakke
because you had a cold. ______________________
Make sentences using could have based on the following sentences.
Example
I went to the airport with a taxi. That was a mistake because there many public transport which
was cheap. Actually I could have gone by public transport.
1. I ate dinner at Pelangi resyaurant but the food tasted badly.That was mistake because there
there other restaurant sold delicious food. __________________________
2. Tom had money to a shirt. But he didn’t buy any.It was a mistake becuase he ran out money.
_______________________
3. It is late at night. I haven’t had dinner. It was a mistake. Now I am very hungry but I found
here was no food in the refrigerator. _____________________
4. I started to go at 7 o’clock and passed through jalan halmahera. But it was a mistake
because it took me 5 hours. __________________________
5. I spent my holiday at the beach yesterday.It was a mistake because my skin is burnt.
________________________
Fill in the blanks with must have based on the word in the bracket.
Example:
Roza felt asleep in her class this morning.
She (stay up) ___________ to late last night. Answer : must have stayed up.
1. I saw Jim eating ravenously. He (be) ____ very hungry.
2. Kent had to give a speech in front og 159 people. He was trembling.
He (be) _____ nervous.
3. Elin met tourists at prambanan. She had a long conversation with the tourists.
She (speak) ____ much English.
4. There was Shaniia’s Twin on TV last night. Elisa likes her very much.Unfortunately she didn’t
see
the concert. She (know) ______ about it.
5. Rita wrapped a present for Melly this morning. But now it is still on the table whereas she
has gone to Melly’s house. She (forgrt) _____ to bring that present.
Write a response for each problem using may/may not have
1. Brian took a vacation in a warm sunny place.Where do you suppose he went?
2. Look!.Vixky is walking into her class with a broken arm.What do think happened to her?
3. Tono looks sad.He just received her Math exam paper.What do you think hsppened to him?
4. Mr.Ramlan sat down in fron of his car with a mourn face.The front lamp of the car is broken.
Do you know why?
5. There were a lot of food on the table,but ted didn’t eat anything,Do you know why ?
6. There is a biology test now. Susan didn’t study last night.What do you think she did?
7. Riky was very good at football, but today he plays well.What do you think he did?
8. I have just bought a fried chicken and put it on the plate. Now I find the plate empty.
What do you think happned.
Choose the right answer.
1. Harry couldn’t pay his school fee becaause his father was unemployed.His rich uncle _____
him with the school fee.
a. May support b. Should have supported c. Would rather supoort d. Will have
supported
2. There were so much noise outdoor.Our neighbour ___________ from their vacation abroad.
a. May have come b. Would have come back c. Is supposed to come back
d. Mush have come back.
3. His house is very dirty.She _______ it for a long time.
shouldn’t have cleaned b. Must not have cleaned c. Could be cleaning
d. Does not clean
4. Joko had he obligation to give the money but hr didn’t do it. We can also say that he _____
the money.
a. Could give b. Should have given c. Might have given d. Shall have given