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Hydrology: MR Wan Afnizan Bin Wan Mohamed
Hydrology: MR Wan Afnizan Bin Wan Mohamed
(BFC 3092)
By:-
FLOOD ROUTING
HYDROLOGIC ROUTING
STREAMFLOW ROUTING
( MUSKINGUM METHOD )
RESERVOIR ROUTING
( THE PULS METHOD )
What
is
Routing
Time Time
Figure 7.2:bReservoir
Wan Afnizan concept
Wan Mohamed ;J
KAP ; FKAAS
INTRODUCTION
... Cont ‘
S
IO
t …. 7.1
Where :-
I = Inflow
O = Outflow
S = Change in storage
t = Change in time
Wan Afnizan b Wan Mohamed ; J
KAP ; FKAAS
INTRODUCTION
... Cont ‘
Routing models :-
HYDROLOGIC ROUTING
Simple.
2 situations :-
MUSKINGUM METHOD
Formula used :-
With ; 0.5t Kx
CO
K 1 x 0.5t …. 7.3
0.5t Kx
C1
K 1 x 0.5t …. 7.4
K 1 x 0.5t
C 2 Wan Afnizan b Wan Mohamed ; J
K ;1FKAAS
KAP x 0.5t …. 7.5
HYDROLOGIC ROUTING
MUSKINGUM METHOD
Where :-
O2 = Current outflow
O1 = Previous outflow
I2 = Current inflow
I1 = Previous inflow
t = Time interval
K = Travel time constant
x = Weighting factor ( 0 0.5 )
Given :-
x = 0.2
K = 20 hours
t = 12 hours
Find outflow ???
Wan Afnizan b Wan Mohamed ; J
KAP ; FKAAS
EXAMPLE 7.1
... Cont ‘
Time
12 24 36 48 60 72 84 96 108 120
(hour)
I, inflow
100 300 680 500 400 310 230 180 100 50
(ft3/s)
From formula :-
K (1 x ) 0.5t 22
0.5t Kx
C1
K 1 x 0.5t
K 1 x 0.5t
C2
K 1 x 0.5t
MUSKINGUM METHOD
I I O O2
S 2 S1 t 1 2 1
2 2 …. 7.6
MUSKINGUM METHOD
Time
12 24 36 48 60 72 84 96 108 120
(hour)
I, inflow
100 300 680 500 400 310 230 180 100 50
(ft3/s)
O, outflow
100 118 252 470 478 428 357 283 220 150
(ft3/s)
I 1 I 2 O1 O 2
S 2 S1 t
2 2
xI (1 x )O
K = 20 hr and x = 0.10
8000.0
7000.0
6000.0
5000.0
S (cfs-hr)
4000.0
3000.0
2000.0
1000.0
0.0
0.0 50.0 100.0 150.0 200.0 250.0 300.0 350.0 400.0 450.0 500.0
0.1I
x1 + -0.9O
+ (1 x)O2 (cfs)
Wan Afnizan b Wan Mohamed ; J
KAP ; FKAAS
x = 0.1
SOLUTION .... Con’t
K = 20 hr and x = 0.20
8000.0
7000.0
6000.0
5000.0
S (cfs-hr)
4000.0
3000.0
2000.0
1000.0
0.0
0.0 50.0 100.0 150.0 200.0 250.0 300.0 350.0 400.0 450.0 500.0 550.0
x10.2I
+ (1 +
- x)O2 (cfs)
0.8O
Wan Afnizan b Wan Mohamed ; J
KAP ; FKAAS
x = 0.2
SOLUTION .... Con’t
K = 20 hr and x = 0.25
9000.0
6000.0
K
S (cfs-hr)
5000.0
4000.0 1
3000.0
2000.0
1000.0
0.0
0.0 50.0 100.0 150.0 200.0 250.0 300.0 350.0 400.0 450.0 500.0 550.0
x1 0.25I + 0.75O
+ (1 - x)O 2 (cfs)
Wan Afnizan b Wan Mohamed ; J
KAP ; FKAAS
x = 0.25
SOLUTION .... Con’t
From graph ;
x = 0.25
7500 0
K
477.5 100
K 19.9 hours
RESERVOIR ROUTING
Formula used :-
2S1 2S 2
I1 I 2 O1 O2
t t …. 7.7
( LHS ) ( RHS )
RESERVOIR ROUTING
... Cont ‘
THE PULSE METHOD
Crest spillway
H H
Crest spillway
Outflow
Inflow
Storage L
Dam
RESERVOIR ROUTING
... Cont ‘
THE PULSE METHOD
Given :-
H = 50 ft
L = 35 ft
Wan Afnizan b Wan Mohamed ;J
Q = 3LH3/2
KAP ; FKAAS
EXAMPLE 7.3
... Con’t
Table 1 : Inflow hydrograph
Time
(days) 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0
Flow
(ft3/s) 0 70 185 360 480 300 165 80 0
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)
Water
Storage, S Outflow, O
Surface Head, H (2S/t+O)
(Given) (Formula)
Elevation
(ft) (ft) (Acre-ft) (ft3/s-day) (ft3/s) (ft3/s)
50.0 0.0 231 116.4 0.0 465.6
50.5 0.5 247 124.8 37.1 536.4
51.0 1.0 277 139.9 105.0 664.4
51.5 1.5 313 158.1 192.9 825.3
52.0 2.0 353 178.1 297.0 1009.4
52.5 2.5 400 202.3 415.0 1224.3
53.0 3.0 452 228.5 545.6 1459.5
53.5 3.5 509 257.1 687.5 1715.7
Wan Afnizan b Wan Mohamed ; J
Q = 105H
KAP 3/2
; FKAAS
SOLUTION .... Con’t
2S/t + O (ft3/s)
400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800
54.0
53.5
53.0
Elevation (ft)
52.5
52.0
51.5
50.0
110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250
Storage (ft3/s-days)
0.0 35 100 200 700
Wan Afnizan300 400
b Wan Mohamed ; J 500 600
Outflow (ft3/s)
KAP ; FKAAS
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)
RHS
LHS
Time Inflow, I1 + I2
Outflow, Storage, 2S1/t – O1 2S2/t + O2 Water
ii) Perform
‘I’ reservoir flood
‘O’ routing S computation Elevation
(days) (ft3/s) (ft /s)
3
(ft -day)
3
(ft3/s) (ft3/s) (ft)
Before + =
flood Refer curve
arrives: 0.0 0.0 0.0 116.4 465.6 465.6 50.0
Inflow curve
hydrograph: + + From = Refer curve
0.0 0.0 70 0.0 116.4 465.6 535.6 50.45
0.5 70 + 255 35 124.5 463 718 51.20
1.0 185 545 140 146 444 989 51.95
1.5 360 840 285 176 419 1259 52.60
2.0 480 780 400 201 404 1184 52.40
2.5 300 465 380 197 408 873 51.60
3.0 165 245 215 163 437 682 51.05
3.5 80 80 115 142 453 533 50.45
4.0 0.0 0.0 30 124 466 466 50.00
4.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 116.4 466 466 50.00
500
Inflow hydrograph
Outflow hydrograph
400
Discharge (ft3/s)
300
200
100
0
0 1 2 3 4 5
Wan Afnizan b Wan (days)
Time Mohamed ; J
KAP ; FKAAS
TIME’S UP …
THANK YOU
Wan Afnizan b Wan Mohamed ; J
KAP ; FKAAS