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on
FLOW BENEATH A SLUICE GATE
OPEN CHANNEL FLOW
(SESSIONAL)

CE – 3202
Credit : 0.75
 CONTENTS
• BACKGROUND
• ABSTRACT
• OBJECTIVES
• DEFINATION OF SLUICE GATE
• APPLICATIONS
• NECESSARY EQUEATION
• RELEAVENT SKETCHMENT
• EXPERIMENTAL SET UP
• PROCEDURE
• FLOW PROFILES
• EXPERIMENTAL DATA TABLE
• TYPICAL GRAPH
• ADVANTAGE & DISADVATAGES
• RESULTS
• CONCLUSION
 BACKGROUND

• Water is one of the most important things for humans. Experts devise many
methods to obtain this source in the easiest and most impressive.
So that, human were contributed wire at a main river to get the water. At
the same time, it is one way to overcome flood disaster at upstream river
and it also can provide hydrostatic energy.

Due to the fact that design wire is too big, overflows will occur near wire
during rain session at catchments area at upstream.

Thus, studies about sluice gate were recognized to control the water levels
and flow rates in rivers and canals from overflowing.
 BACKGROUND (Histrocial )

A sluice (from the Dutch "sluis")

is a water channel controlled at
its head by a gate. (Dutch:
waaier sluis) This type of gate
was invented by the Dutch
hydraulic engineer Jan Blanken
in 1808. He was Inspector-
General for Waterstaat (Water
resource management) of the
Kingdom of Holland at the time.
 ABSTRACT
Generally, empirical equation is widely being used in few decades by
the engineer in designing an open channel system. However
determining the depth of flow is complicated by side inflows and boundary
features with existing of transition structure such contractions, expansions, curves,
weir and obstructions.

This study is objected to predict the properties of flow beneath a sluice gate using
physical model to analyze the profile of water surface around the sluice gate.

As the results of analysis, some graphs have been provided to present the
relationship among flow rate, flow depth, gate opening and specific energy
with indication that the flow rate and the opening of gate are the most important
parameters to form the profile of water surface of flow beneath a sluice gate.
OBJECTIVES

• To determine Fg &FH and hence

find the ratio of Fg/ FH .
• To determine the discharge
beneath a sluice gate.
• To determine Cv , Cc & Cd.
• To plot Y1 vs Qa for different Yg
plain graph.
 Sluice gate.

• A sluice gate is traditionally a

wood or metal barrier sliding
in grooves that are set in the
sides of the waterway. Sluice
gates commonly control water
levels and flow rates in rivers
and canals. They are also used
in wastewater treatment
plants and to recover minerals
in mining operations, and in
watermills
APPLICATIONS

Sluice gates can be used effectively to control the excess

run-off in flat and very long channel in a drainage system.

Both the operations show very good result in controlling

the flood.

It can reduce the flood from 50 to 55 percent for both the

operations.
 Necessary equation

ENERGY EQUATION.

MOMENTUM EQUATION.
F = pQaV2 –pQaV1
Usual meanings OF EQUATIONS

Qa = Actual discharge.

Qt = Theoretical discharge.

Cd = Coefficient of discharge.

Cc = Coefficient of contraction.

Cv = Coefficient of velocity.

Fx = The resultant force applied to the fluid within the CV in the

down ward direction.

Fg =Resultant gate thrust.

Relevant sketchment
 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN
FLOW PARAMETERS
• From the energy equation it can write that

Where b for width of sluice gate.

Therefore

Due to small reduction of velocity it may write that

The downstream depth may be expressed as a function of gate opening.

i.e:
Thus it may write that..

The above equation can also be written

as:

Where{ }
So that
Finally theoretical discharge:

Where Qt & Qa theoretical and actual discharge respectively.

 FORCE CALCULATION
• The momentum equation may be applied to fluid within any chosen CV
where the external force are known.
The resultant force on the fluid in downstream direction :
………………..(1)

Effect of this force fluid move downstream is :

……………………(2)
From equation 1 & 2 it may be written that :

By eliminating & simplifying Qa it be obtained :

And thrust on gate :
EXPERIMENTAL SETUP
 PROCEDURE

• Measure Y1 and Yg.

• Calculate theoretical discharge by using
mentioned equation.
• Take the reading of Qa from water meter.
 FLOW PROFILES
• For submerged flow.

• For parch flow

 DATA SHEET
Y1 Y2 Qa Cv Cc Cd Fg FH Fg/FH
(m) (m) (m3/s (N) (N)
)

0.136 0.023 0.83 0.77 0.593 44.47 62.57 0.711

Trail Yg Y1
no. (m) (m)

04 0.015 0.062 7.8

05 0.015 0.093 9.63
01 0.015 0.1321 12.16
02 0.030 0.110 19.9
03 0.030 0.136 22.73
sp 0.030 0.156 24.63
GRAPHICAL
REPRESENTATION
Upstream depth vs Actual Discharge
0.18

0.16

0.14

Lower value of Yg
Y1 × 〖 10 〗 ^(−2) m

0.12

0.1
Higher value
0.08

0.06

0.04

0.02

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Qa 〖 ×10 〗 ^(−4) m3/sec

ADVANTAGES

Sluice gates commonly control water

levels and flow rates in rivers and canals.
They are also used in wastewater
treatment plants and to recover minerals
in mining operations, and in watermills &
rarely fail.
DISADVANTAGES

It needs to maintain manually.

Expensive in construction .
 RESULTS

Cd = 0.58
Cc = 0.77
Cv = 0.58
Fx = 55.11N
Fg = 44.51N
 SUMMARY

Flow rate varied with Yg.

HAVE ANY QUESTION ?
THANKS A LOT

FOR YOUR KIND

ATTENTION